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INSTRUCTIONS 



IN THE 



Use and Development 




OF THE 



MEMORY 



PROF. YULE. 



*f 






FOURTH EDITION. 



SEP 9 1890,/ 






WILLIAM KNOWLKS, PUBLISHER, 
104 East t j; 1 ir Stri i 1 



INSTRUCTIONS 

IN THE 

Use and Development of the Memory 

APPLIED TO 

WORDS J NUMBERS ; STATISTICS ; PROSE J POETRY J LECTURES ; HISTORY ; 

GEOGRAPHY ; LANGUAGES ; TECHNICAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND FOREIGN 

TERMS ; PROPER NAMES AND FACES J SCRIPTURE TEXTS ; 

MUSIC J MATERIA MEDICA; CHEMICAL FORMULAE J 

DECISIONS IN LAW ; ETC., ETC., ETC. 

BY 

GEORGE YULE. 

Being a Compendium of the Course in Systematic Memory 

Embraced in his Oral Lectures delivered during the 

last Ten Years, and in the Third Edition 

of his " Memory Manual." 



Copyright, 1890, by G. Yule. — All Rights Reserved. 



Lesson I. — Committing to memory, by a single reading, a long 
and random series of disconnected Words; so as to be able to repeat 
the series correctly from recollection, forwards or backwards; arid 
to retain the same. 



By way of example take the following series : — Wheat, 
wagon, hound, steeple, hen, raft, gong, ham, elephant, Eden, 
elm, raven, heater, hall, hedge, ear, easel, Rome, hack, hive, 
effigy, dairy, queen Elizabeth, jacket, chest, interment, chain, 
juryman, worm, fan, giant, garden, gem, gunpowder, weir, 
victory. 

A word is but the artificial sign, symbol, or representative of 
an idea ; and the words given above, it will be noticed, repre- 
sent in each case an object of which an image, or picture, may 
be called up before the mind and visualized, or seen by "the 
mind's eye." Although, then, we have called this first Lesson 
a Lesson in the memorizing of a series of words, and although, 
practically, it is a Lesson in memorizing a series of words, 
nevertheless, inasmuch as we shall deliberate not upon the 



artificial words but upon the ideas which these words rep- 

■•:, it 1^. strictly speaking, a Lesson in the impression upon 

the mind of a series of mental images, or a chain of ideas. 

re the learner ran bring into play the process of the present 

n it is necessary, oi course, for him to know what the 

In order to effectively commit to memory the above, or any 
similar, series of words with which distinctive ideas are already 
lated in the mind, the learner is not required to employ 
the ordinary and tedious method of frequent repetition, or 
learning by rote. We will explain how such a series may be 
effectively impressed upon the memory, at one reading, by 
different means, and without the slightest strain upon the 
mind. Nor does it matter whether your natural memory be 
good, tolerable, or absolutely bad ; for, at the present point, we 
will only call upon you to bring into play your Imagination — a 
faculty dealing with Images; and a faculty moreover which, 
generally, is well developed (although not always well con- 
trolled) even in persons with "poor memory." 

Now since what we have in view in this first lesson is to 
construct a chain of ideas, it may be well to illustrate by in- 
quiring how the blacksmith proceeds when he seeks to con- 
struct a chain. Does he lay upon the anvil a long series of 
separate links and, placing these links end to end, proceed to 
construct the desired chain by hammering along the whole 
series from the first link to the last ; repeating this consecutive 
hammering, along the whole series of links, many times? No, 
he does not do any such thing. He does not take a series of 
links and hammer the series from beginning to end many 
times : but proceeding systematically, he takes two links — just 
tico — and welds them together, paying no attention, meanwhile, 
to any other links. When he has the first and second links of 
the proposed chain thoroughly welded together, then he welds 
together the second and the third links, then the third and fourth, 
then the fourth and fifth, then the fifth and sixth, and so on 
to the end. To construct a chain of ideas we will proceed 
in like manner ; not mechanically memorizing the series by 
frequent repetition or learning by rote ; but taking up the ideas 
in order, and systematically and thoughtfully welding or asso- 
ciating them together by one reading. 

Every one who would undertake to philosophically develop 
the memory should, at the very outset, establish it as an axiom 
to be kept continually in view that, instead of relying for the 
reception of an impression upon hearing a thing repeated a great 
many times, he or she will throw off the habit of mental languor 
and, with mind alert, endeavor to receive the strongest possible 



impression the first time the matter is presented to consideration. 
Moreover, the absolute necessity of superseding mechanical, 
superficial, thoughtless habits of mind by a grave thoughtful- 
ness should also be prominently recognized. Thought, reflec- 
tion, study, perform in regard to our mental food an office 
similar to that performed toward our physical food by masti- 
cation and digestion. And it is only what we take up thought- 
fully and reflect upon — not what we take up superficially, 
mechanically, thoughtlessly, perfunctorily — that passes, as it 
were, into the mental system, and becomes a part and portion 
of our stock of actual knowledge ; a part and portion of our- 
selves. Any course of memory instruction worthy of the name 
will commence by enforcing the necessity of alert attention and 
grave habits of thought. 

If the learner is now quite ready to concentrate the attention 
for a brief period upon the following instruction, and to per- 
form the simple mental operation required, he or she may now 
proceed, with the expectation of being able to speedily and 
effectively fix in the memory the series of words given at the 
beginning of this Lesson, so as to repeat the series correctly by 
recollection, from beginning to end, or in reverse order, and to 
retain the same. 

Begin with the first two words of the series, Wheat — 
Wagon, and remember that we are to deliberate, not upon the 
mere empty words, but upon the ideas which the words repre- 
sent. We are going to call up an image or picture of the object 
Wheat, and an image or picture of the object Wagon, bring the 
two images together so as to form one picture or combination, 
and hold this combination image or picture of the Wheat and 
the Wagon steadily before " the mind's eye." Be careful not 
to introduce into the pictorial combination presented to the 
mind's eye any other object than the Wheat and the Wagon ; 
for if a horse, or a farmer, or a dog, or a tree, or anything else, 
be introduced into the picture the attention will be drawn away 
from its concentration upon the Wheat and the Wagon, and the 
mind will be invited to gratify its propensity of flying off at a 
tangent. Be careful, also, not to burden the mind by trying to 
remember ; but, laying entirely aside for the time being all 
efforts to remember, simply follow our directions. The memory 
will attend to the remembering : what we have to do is (to 
borrow the language of photography) to present as clearly 
defined a picture as possible before the sensitive plate of the 
memory, holding the picture steadily before the camera of the 
mind, so that, in reproduction, there will be no indistinctness 
or blurring. Let the learner not be foolish enough to attempt, 
in this Lesson, to mix our plan and his own together. Let him 



have nothing to do, in the meantime, with any kind of associa- 
Other than the association of ////ages. 

Now, if the instruction just given be fully comprehended, 
let the learner proceed to place before the mind's eye — which 
we may call the lens of the memory — the combined picture of 
the Wheat and the Wagon, holding the picture steadily in view 
for a few moments (making a prolonged exposure, so to speak, 
before the sensitive plate of the memory) and warding off, 
meanwhile, all other images or thoughts that would trespass 
upon the attention. In making a mental picture of the objects 
Wheat and Wagon, for instance a quantity of wheat may be 
seen in the road, spilled from a wagon standing by, broken 
down. As already charged, however, be careful not to intro- 
duce into the picture a horse, or a tree, or a man, or a dog, or 
any other object liable to challenge attention and draw away 
the steady gaze of the mind's eye from the Wheat and the 
Wagon. In dealing with pictures in this manner the beginner 
had better proceed slowly at first, until he ascertains the alert- 
ness and power of his mind in receiving a vivid impression of 
each picture presented. In the beginning let him expose each 
successive pictorial combination for about, say, thirty seconds. 

The image Wheat — Wagon having been dealt with accord- 
ing to instruction, let the picture drop from the mind entirely ; 
and proceed as before to form a new and distinct mental picture 
composed of the images suggested by the two words Wagon — 
Hound. The Wagon seen in this second picture may be the 
same wagon that was already associated with Wheat, or it may 
be another wagon altogether ; for we are not dealing with any 
particular wagon. Hold the combination picture Wagon—- 
Hound before the mind's eye as before, permitting the atten- 
tion neither to revert to the idea Wheat — which is past and 
gone, and has been taken charge of by the memory — nor to 
concern itself about the ideas of the series which are yet to 
come. Let the attention, throughout, be engaged with two 
ideas, and with two ideas only ; and when an idea has been 
passed pay no further heed to it, but let all the available mental 
energy be utilized for direction toward the two ideas which are 
before the mind for the time being. What you do, do thor- 
oughly while you are doing it, and then peremptorily pass on to 
new matter, not wasting mental energy in erratically reverting 
to what is past and gone. 

When the combination picture Wagon — Hound has been 
properly dealt with, let it, in its turn, drop from the mind en- 
tirely ; and then let the next pair of ideas Hound — Steeple be 
associated in a new and distinct mental picture and held steadily 
before the mind for a time, like the others. Do not attempt to 



run the ideas, as they arise in the series, into a sort of con- 
nected story, but be careful to proceed only as instructed, and 
not mix up your methods with the precise method of the pres- 
ent Lesson. When the combination Hound — Steeple has been 
dealt with, take up the next in order, Steeple — Hen, without 
any reference to any ideas that are past. In constructing a 
chain out of the ideas represented by the series of words given 
at the beginning of this Lesson, we will proceed in the same 
systematic way in which the blacksmith proceeds in constructing 
a chain, dropping one link at a time and adding a new link, 
all the way through. In this way proceed through the entire 
list of words, dropping but one word at a time, and observing 
to present in a picture before the mind only two ideas at a time, 
namely, the first and second ; then the second and third ; then 
the third and fourth ; then the fourth and fifth ; and so on. In 
this manner, even if there be one hundred words to memorize, 
the process will continue simple to the end ; for there never 
will be more than two ideas before the mind at once. 

When, in a series of words, two ideas — such as " gun " and 
" soldier " — come together very naturally and appropriately, be 
careful, when the picture is conjured up before the mind, to hold 
it long enough before the mind to receive a good impression. 
Beginners, meeting with such appropriate combinations, and 
thinking that, as the ideas associate together so naturally, they 
will be sure to remember them, are apt to skip over them with- 
out impressing the picture properly ; the consequence being 
that when they come to repeat the series from memory they 
cannot recall the very ideas they felt so certain they would 
be able to remember. In each and every instance pause 
long enough to make a good impression ; for a chain is never 
any stronger than its weakest link. It may be observed, 
also, that, sometimes, when a very small object is represented 
by some word occurring in a series, a better impression of 
the image may be obtained by enlarging the object, and 
making it colossal, phenomenal, striking. 

In repeating from memory the series of words given at the 
beginning of this Lesson do not say " wheat loaded in wagon ; 
wagon running over hound " ; etc., but although recalling the 
pictures to mind, one by one, utter only the words representing 
the objects contained in the series, thus : Wheat — Wagon — 
Hound — Steeple. In repeating the series from memory, the 
beginner must be careful, also, to check any tendency he may 
have to indulge in guessing. In all cases in which the proper 
idea comes to mind there will be a consciousness of correct- 
ness ; and if, in any case, this consciousness be absent, do not 
seek to supply the missing idea or word by means of a blind 



rhej who would train the memory and discipline the 
mind must, al the verj beginning, set themselves to overcome the 

habit 'There is nothing philosophical in a wild guess. 

\ w . it you go once through the list of words given above, 
or through any similar list, carefully making mental pictures as 
you go along, in the manner which has been explained, you 
will find that you can repeat the whole list from memory with 
. and without a single slip ; for, by the action of the prin- 
ciple ol association of ideas, the first idea will recall the second, 
the second the third, the third the fourth, the fourth the fifth, 
and so on. 

After having correctly repeated the words from memory, 
from beginning to end, try (without any further study of the 
list) t«> repeat them in reverse order. You will find that, inas- 
much as you have constructed a chain, you can repeat the 
series with just as much facility backwards / 

\ "mi will find, moreover, that, not only are you able to cor- 
rectly repeat the series, forwards and backwards, immediately 
after having committed it to memory, but that, without giving 
any attention whatever to the matter in the interval, you will 
be able to repeat the list correctly the next day, or several 
days afterwards. The series may be retained in the memory 
fur an indefinite period of time by turning it over in the mind 
occasionally, at ever lengthening intervals, and so gradually 
deepening and strengthening the original impression. 

This Lesson is the simplest exercise in systematic concen- 
tration that can be given, and is within the capacity even of 
young children. A beginner, even with what is termed "a 
poor memory," should have no difficulty whatever in remem- 
bering, by the process of this Lesson, and by one reading, fifty, 
an hundred, or an hundred and fifty words, in exact order, with- 
out a single slip. Let no one pass from this Lesson to take up 
equent Lessons before being able to easily and correctly 
remember, by a single reading, a series of at least one hundred 
words. Take one step at a time. Be thoughtful and thot ough. 



Lesson //. — Overcoming the Habit of Mind Wandering. 



A listless, lethargic, wandering, half-hearted, drowsy habit 
of mind is the great foe of study and of memory, and bears 
directly and fatefully upon the question of success in life. 



Multitudes pass through school and college without ever learn- 
ing what true study is ; without having made the slightest 
progress toward acquiring the power of really mastering any 
subject. It may be truly said that the student who distin- 
guishes himself does so, not because he is endowed with inborn 
genius above his fellows, but simply because, realizing in some 
degree the connection between cause and effect, he has ap- 
proximated to a rational use of ordinary faculties ; and has per- 
sistently and intelligently worked while others have indulged 
in indolent musings, and, in many other ways as well, have 
fooled their time away. In study, as in other things, persons 
reap as they sow. If they sow earnestness they reap honor and 
vigor of mind ; if they sow slothfulness they reap contempt 
and feeble mindedness. Mankind at large, however, is con- 
tent to live upon levels that lie far below the plateau of human 
possibilities. The honored student is distinguished strikingly 
from the mass of his fellows, not through the possession of any 
extraordinary natural endowments, but simply by the force of 
contrast between the attainments that wait upon diligence and 
the results that inevitably accompany sloth. As a rule, the 
distinguished student has done nothing that could not have 
been achieved by each and every one of his fellows, if they had 
not been lazily content to occupy the dead level of inexcusable 
mediocrity. So very unsatisfactory is the present system of 
so-called " education" that no person of experience and clear 
perceptions can fail to be impressed with the fact that, after all, 
even the higher institutions of learning are, to a great degree, 
but temporary asylums for triflers, conventional resorts for per- 
sons of chronic feeble-mindedness. 

The average " student," in " studying " a book in private, has 
a habit of proceeding somewhat in the following fashion. Sit- 
ting down with a yawn he tilts his chair backwards, and having, 
after a struggle, succeeded in assuming the easy position that 
suits his fancy, he languidly opens his book and begins his dis- 
agreeable task. In silence he continues to read for a few mo- 
ments, but, presently, a sort of far-away look is seen to grad- 
ually overspread his countenance, as his eyes wander dreamily 
from the printed page before him and become fixed on vacancy. 
He is thinking, you say ? Ah, yes ; he is thinking — but not 
about what he has been reading ! He is indulging in seduc- 
tive reverie. His undisciplined mind is wandering. He is 
roaming over the fields of fancy, ramblingly thinking about any- 
thing and everything that presents itself attractively to his dis- 
cursive mind, and that has the charm of having nothing whatever 
to do with the subject which he is supposed to be in the act of 
studying. This goes on for some time, but at length our 



1 suddenly awakes out o\ his reverie ; and, with a deep- 
drawn sigh, and an effort that, evidently, is extremely painful 
to him, he again directs his attention to his book. Having 
duly yawned, he reluctantly proceeds to read; perhaps going 

again what he read some minutes before and has forgot- 

LTn happily, however, in a very short time, that far-away 

n begins to overspread his countenance, his eyes turn 

ntl) from the hook before him, and again he is off into 

dreamland. After a while he drags himself back ignomin- 

) once more ; onee more he painfully forces his attention 

to the book before him ; and once more, after a few moments, 

S off again on another roving excursion of fancy. And 

SO he continues for an hour, or for two hours perhaps, or 

g r ; now forcing himself most painfully to his task, and 

anon freely permitting his mind to wander : — consuming two 

hours, or so, in doing badly what might have been well done in 

twenty minutes. He calls this " study "; but, alas ! the proper 

name for it is " fooling." And certain it is that if, for instance, 

gn painter on the street were to " work " in the fashion 

described, painting a few strokes at intervals, and alternately 

gazing off into vacancy for several minutes at a time, he would 

i collect a curious crowd of spectators ; and individuals in 

the crowd, after observing him for a time, would exchange 

knowing looks among themselves, and tapping their foreheads 

ly, and furtively nodding toward the eccentric painter, 

would indicate their belief that the said painter was "not quite 

right in the upper story." 

The absurd and stultifying habit of mind which has been 
ribed must be patiently conquered by each and every one 
who would develop the natural memory, acquire mental power, 
and build up character. Without personal discipline we can 
r obtain the full, proper, or easy use of our mental facul- 
and although all discipline, at first, especially mental dis- 
cipline, is disagreeable, if persisted in it will soon become " sec- 
ond nature," and cease to be irksome. 

it is not our intention, in these pages, to enter into any 
ilative disquisition concerning the constitution of rnem- 
but to confine ourselves entirely to considerations of a 
practical character. The nature of man has been, and will 
continue to be, variously classified ; in all cases with more or 
arbitrariness. A common, analysis of man's nature, how- 
ever, has divided it into bodily and mental nature ; the mind, 
again, being subdivided into Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will. 
In that particular arrangement Memory has been classified 
with Imagination under the head of the Representative Power 
of the Intellect, But Memory, as we shall have to deal with 





it in these pages, is not by any means merely an abstract affair 
of the Intellect. Recognizing the intimate relation, and con- 
stant mutual action and reaction upon each other, of body and 
mind ; recognizing that the great desideratum is a sound mind 
in a sound body ; we shall, as a most important element in the 
training of the memory, insist upon the necessity of an intelli- 
gent observance of the laws of physical health. Moreover, in 
connection with the development of memory, we shall empha- 
size the prime necessity that exists for the exercise of the 
WILL. 

But there is a force behind the Will, and by the character or 
quality of that force the question of success in the use, devel- 
opment, and establishment of the individual memory will be 
determined. I refer to the Spirit of the individual ; in this 
place, however, using the term merely as synonymous with 
Disposition, Bent, Controlling Sentiment, Individuality. Suc- 
cess or non-success in any course of study is determined by the 
spirit by which the student is actuated ; and the prayer of 
every student who would achieve success should be : " Estab- 
lish within me a right spirit ! " Fundamentally, the trouble 
with the great mass of students who find study such a drudgery 
and such a weariness of the flesh is simply this : — THEY 
HAVE NOT GOT THE RIGHT SPIRIT. 

As has been already stated, the absurd and stultifying habit 
of Mind Wandering must be sternly attacked, and patiently 
overcome, by each and every one who would acquire the 
proper use of the memory. Earnestness must take the place 
of lethargy, and sustained attention the place of spiritless 
lounging over the study in hand. Let it be clearly recognized 
that it is not the amount of mere time spent over a study that 
counts, but the amount of honest, undivided, intelligent atten- 
tion given. The person subject to the habit of mind wander- 
ing who is ready to make an earnest, sustained, and successful 
effort to overcome that habit is advised to proceed as follows. 
Get some paper, or card-board, and cut it up into the form of 
Tickets of suitable size. Upon one of these Tickets let there 
be written something like this : — " This Ticket, and each of 
the others, represents 5 Consecutive Minutes of honest, undi- 
vided attention given to my private studies ; and is used to 
give point and tangibility to my desire and effort to break up 
the Habit of Mind Wandering, etc., and develop the power of 
concentrated and sustained attention. If, during the running 
of the time marked on this Ticket, I allow my mind to 
Wander from the subject before me, or permit myself to 
Yawn, I have agreed with myself to honestly, and in every 
case, inflict upon myself the Penalty — or, in its place, the 



Ill 

Alternative Penalty — which has been arranged. " Now let this 
Tickel be solemnly signed by the victim of the mind wander- 
ing habit The other Tickets may have simply the number of 

Minutes marked upon them. 

Upon a separate card may be written the Penalty and Alter- 
native Penalty, somewhat as follows : — u Penalty : A Fine of 
cents. The accumulated fines are never to be used by me, or 

for my benefit, but are to be given to the Poor. Alternative 

Penalty : To leave my books at once and stir up the circula- 
tion by a brisk five-minutes' walk in the open air ; returning 
immediately and again proceeding with the study on hand." 

Let the beginner commence with five-minute spells of 
attention, trying to get as many such spells into an hour as 
possible. It uninvited thoughts be projected into the mind 
that is not to be counted as mind wandering, unless these inter- 
loping thoughts are willingly entertained. When it has become 
. and no longer irksome, to hold the attention rivetted 
upon the subject in hand for many successive spells of five 
minutes, change the Tickets to represent ten minute spells, 
then to represent fifteen minutes, then to represent twenty, 
then to represent twenty-five, then to represent half an 
hour. When the power has been acquired of holding the 
attention easily for half an hour upon subjects that, before, 
the mind would have wandered from, this Ticket device may 
be set aside as having accomplished its purpose. Let the 
ground acquired be held, however ; and, later on, other methods 
of study will be suggested whereby the power of attention may 
be still further developed. 

As already remarked, all Discipline, at first, especially Men- 
tal Discipline, is disagreeable ; but, if persisted in, will soon 
become " second nature " and cease to be irksome. Study 
that is the veriest Drudgery to the lazy and listless is True 
Pleasure to the spirited, thorough, masterful student. 



Lesson III. — Memorizing Names not of the class dealt with in 
Lesson I. 



1 he method of memorizing a chain of ideas explained in 

on I. has, thus far, been applied only to words represent- 

things distinctive images of which may be called up before 

the mind's eye. The same method of memorizing, however, 



11 

may be applied to all other kinds of words by means of an 
indirect process ; that is to say, by taking words having 
directly related images, and by these words indicating, sug- 
gesting, or recalling names not themselves having directly 
related images. For instance : If we wish, in a series of 
words, to remember the word " Umbrella," we remember the 
word by means of the image of the object Umbrella ; but if, 
upon the other hand, we wish to remember the word 
" Thought," it being impossible to conjure up an image of 
Thought we present before the mind's eye an image of something 
else — Head, for example — which may be used to readily suggest 
or recall, by the principle of association, the idea Thought. 

There is a wide difference in the degrees of potency inher- 
ent in different ideas to impress the average mind upon casual 
presentation, some ideas having but little impressiveness while 
others produce at once a striking impression. At the present 
stage the memory of the learner may be considerably aided 
by, as far as has been explained, making use of the known to 
recall the related unknown, the familiar to recall the unfamiliar, 
the striking to recall the unstriking. 

In putting into practice, in the present Lesson, the principle 
of employing one idea which is easily impressed, to enable us 
to remember some other idea which it is difficult to impress, 
objects to represent Avords will be employed according to one or 
other of the following rules. 

I. An object suggested by the word other than the particular 
object or idea we wish to remember. Example: Wishing to 
remember " Wolf," the name of a person we do not know, 
and a distinctive image of whose personality, consequently, we 
cannot present to the mind's eye, we take, to suggest the name 
of the unknown person " Wolf," the image of a wolf, the well 
known beast of prey. 

II. An object suggested by apart of the word. Example: 
Arkansas — Ark. 

III. An object suggested by the student's knowledge of the 
reason why a particular thing is called by a particular name. 
Example: Vermont — Green Mountain. 

IV. An object symbolizing an idea. Example: Faith — a 
Statue symbolizing faith. 

V. An object connected with the idea. Example: Pisa — 
Leaning Tower. 

VI. An object suggested by sound, more or less closely. 
Example: Mary — Dairy. 

VII. An object represented by a word commencing with the 
same initial letter or the same initial syllable as the word which it 
is desired to remember. Example: Dipnoi — Dipnet. 



12 

Bj means of visualized images, as explained in Lesson I. 
and in this present Lesson, a series composed of all sorts of 
Is may be speedily and effectually memorized — some 
tly, as in Lessen 1.; others indirectly as explained in this 
in III. As an exercise, let the following he memorized, 
the meaning of each word in the series, if to be found in the 
dictionary, being fust understood: — Bucket, moon, rock, Indi- 
ana, telescope, greenish, Florida, protoplasm, sullen, diamonds, 
Vermont, the, Radcliff, cactus, change, Fraser, whose, hyoid, 
Mary, kill, Geneva, Mr. Bell, bridge, faith, Arkansas, tree, 
Rnjold. 

Suggestive ideas may be taken, as follows, to represent 
words in the above series requiring such representation — due 
reflection being given to each suggestive idea in its connection 
with the word or idea it is to be employed to recall, before any 
attempt at memorizing the series be made : — Indiana, indian ; 
greenish, grass; Florida, flowers; sullen, bear; Vermont, 
i mountain ; the, sun; Radcliff, cliff or red cliff ; change, 
ex< hange ; Fraser, highlandman ; whose, pocket-book ; hyoid, 
: Mary, dairy; kill, shotgun; Geneva, watches; Mr. 
Bell, bell; faith, symbolic statue; Arkansas, ark; Rnjold, 
ruin. 

Where there already exists a familiarity with a number of 
technical names and the meanings thereof, the names may be 
readily memorized in series by means of a chain of suggestive 
words as follows: 

Bones of the Upper Extremity of the Trunk. 

Collar Clavicle, or collar hone. Peas Pisiform (formed like 

Made Scapula, or shoulder blade. a pea). 

Arm Humerus, or arm bone. Trapeze. . . .Trapezium. 

Radius Radius. Trap. .... ..Trapezoid. 

Hull Ulna, inner forearm bone. Great bone. .Os Magnum. 

Boat Scaphoid (boat shaped). Hook Unciform (having a 

Half-moon.. Semilunar. hook-like process). 

Wedge Cuneiform (wedge shaped). Carp Metacarpal. 

Phalanx. . ..Phalanges. 

liy one familiar with the bones of the above series, however, 
the names of the bones may be directly recalled, in order, by 
means of a chain of the images of the bones themselves. 



13 
Lesson IV. — Another method of memorizing a series of Ideas. 



" Oar whole thought is a series of chains of less or greater 
length, each having for its first link some perception which lias 
changed the course of our ideas." It is proper, therefore, that, 
before we pass on to consider the study of such matters as 
prose or poetry, we should devote attention to the effective 
construction of chains of thought. One thing recalls another, 
and since very early times certain laws have been laid down as 
governing the natural recollection or reproduction of ideas. 
The primary laws of association, although sometimes stated 
under three heads, are also frequently classified as follows : — 
i, Analogy or resemblance. Two ideas possessing an element 
or elements of striking similarity — such, for instance, as tree, 
bush — naturally associate with each other in the mind, and 
have a tendency torecall each other. 2, Opposition or contrast. 
Two ideas such as black, white, will suggest or recall each other. 
3, Co-existence, or contiguity in time and place. The idea of 
an event, for instance, is associated in the mind with thoughts 
of the place where, and the time when, it occurred. 4, Suc- 
cession, or cause and effect. Murder suggests hanging ; steam, 
scalding. 

In Lesson I. the links of a chain of ideas were successively 
welded together in the mind by the deliberate visualization of 
images, but in the present Lesson an entirely different method 
is to be employed. We may, in the present connection, com- 
pare the memory to the electric current, which, although hav- 
ing the power to " jump" across a break in the conducting 
line, prefers to travel along a connected line of conductivity. 
In constructing a chain by the process of the present Lesson 
we will take up the ideas in the same order as we did in Lesson 
I., namely the first and the second, then the second and 
third, then the third and fourth, then the fourth and fifth, and 
so on; dropping one idea, and taking up one new idea, all the 
way along. In order to illustrate the process of the present Les- 
son take, for example, the first two ideas of the series given in 
Lesson I., Wheat — Wagon. There being no primary law of 
association under which these two ideas will spontaneously 
associate themselves together in the mind and recall each other, 
a bond of association is to be sought for. Without any delib- 
erate calling up before the mind's eye of the images of the 
objects represented by the words, we will take the two ideas 
Wheat — Wagon, hold them thoughtfully before the mind, and 
try to establish between them an effective bond of association. 
What we require is a conducting idea, or ideas, for insertion 



14 

between the idea Wheat and the idea Wagon; so that the mem- 
ory being turned on, so to speak, at the idea Wheat will, in 
accordance with the natural laws of the mind, flash along a line 
of conductivity and reach the idea Wagon. We want, for 
insertion between the ideas Wheat and Wagon, as a conductor 
to the memory current, some idea that will be naturally sug- 
gested by the idea Wheat, and that, at the same time, will have 
a decided tendency to lead up to the other idea, Wagon. 

Holding the two ideas Wheat — Wagon in the mind, we reflect 
upon them, and evolve intermediates as follows: Wheat — 
food — month — tongue — wagon tongue— Wagon. Or we may 
work it out this way: Wheat — plant — plantation — wood — car- 
penter — car — Wagon. Or this way: Wheat — mill — mill race — 
wagon race — Wagon. Or this way : Wheat — heat — hot axle — - 
Wagon.* Wherever a single effective intermediate can be 
obtained it is always to be preferred to more than one, but 
where an effective bond of association cannot be established 
between two ideas by means of a single intermediate we have 
to take two intermediates, or more. The principle of the pres- 
ent Lesson may be applied to the other ideas of the series 
given in Lesson I. as follows: Wagon — carriage — carriage dog— 
Houn d — steeplechase — St eeple — weathercock — H en — egg — egg 
rolling — log rolling — logs — Raft — ship — ship bell — Gong, etc. 

When, in a series of ideas, two ideas found standing together 
are such that one or other of the primary laws of association 
operates directly upon them (as, for instance, in Tree — Bush, 
or in Black — White) the two ideas in question should, in their 
proper turn, be reflected upon, and compared with each other 
in their points of resemblance and dissimilarity ; but, of course, 
in such cases, intermediates are not required. 

The principle of the present Lesson is a valuable principle 
in more respects than. one. The holding of the two ideas 
thoughtfully before the. mind, in the endeavor to think out a 
natural connection by means of intermediates, methodically 
concentrates the attention upon the two ideas in question, and 
thereby engages the memory : and when a suitable connection 
is formed the bond of association is still further strengthened. 
No two ideas can be thrown together at random between which 
a natural, and more or less, striking, connection, based upon the 
laws of association, may not be found. Occasionally, it is true, 
two or three minutes' reflection may be required to establish a 
good connection through intermediates, but, as has been already 

* The principle here employed, although brazenly claimed, in quite recent years, 
by a vulgar charlatan as a " Wonderful Memory Discovery " of his own, was de- 
monstrated by Dr. Edward Pick, at the University of Oxford, and elsewhere, 
thirty years ago. 



15 

remarked, that methodical reflection, itself, systematizes atten- 
tion and furthers the process of memorization. Exercise of the 
intermediary or correlating principle has, also, the valuable 
effect of stirring up the buried treasures of the mind, and keep- 
ing in active circulation items of knowledge that might other- 
wise remain stagnant. In repeating from recollection a series 
of ideas which has been memorized by the method of the 
present Lesson, the beginner will find that, although able to 
recite the ideas correctly, he cannot recall the series so quickly 
as he recalled a series of ideas by means of the direct method 
of Lesson L After a little practice, however, the memory will 
become more alert, and thought will flash from primary idea to 
primary idea without laboriously, or consciously, calling up the 
intermediates. In point of fact, in every mind, this very action, 
though unnoticed, takes place constantly. 

In memorizing such a series of names as those of the Presi- 
dents of the United States, where the personality represented 
by the name stands out clearly and distinctively before the 
mind — as in the case of Washington, for instance — of course 
the idea and image of the personality may be impressed directly 
upon the mind, in its proper place in the series. Where, how- 
ever, the personality represented by the name does not stand 
out clearly and distinctively before the mind, and yet there is, 
among the items of our stock of information, something of a 
striking, distinctive character strongly bound up or associated 
with our knowledge of the personality in question, that some- 
thing may be utilized to represent and recall the name of the 
person. If, for example, the personality of Washington did not 
stand out clearly and distinctively before the mind ; by those 
who happen to have already associated in the mind, in connec- 
tion with Washington, the well-known story of the cherry tree, 
the idea " cherry tree," or the idea " little hatchet," might be 
employed to represent and recall the idea " Washington." The 
following, however, is an illustration of the principle of the 
present Lesson thoughtfully applied to the names of the Presi- 
dents ; the names being treated as mere empty names, apart 
from any knowledge of the personalities they represent : — 

Washington — washing — water — Adam's ale — 

John Adams — a dam— a jetty — 

Jefferson — effervescence — champagne — headache — softening of the brain — 

madness — 
Madison — mad son — sane daughter — sweetheart — dear — deer — roe — 
Mon roe — rowboat — tim ber — tree — fruit tree — q uince — 
John Quincy Adams — etc. 

But simpler means of memorizing a series of such names 
have already been shown. The principle of the intermediate 



16 

idea, however, is especially valuable in making speedy and 
effective connections between technical terms and their mean- 
ings or between foreign words and their meanings, where the 
memory experiences difficulty in cementing the word and the 
meaning together. Of course, where there exists a knowledge 
of the derivation of words, that knowledge will be of great 
tance ; but where no knowledge of derivation exists the 
principle of the intermediate idea may be philosophically intro- 
duced, and with great advantage. Here are a few examples : — 

PROBOSCIDIA — proboscis — elephant's trunk — Elephants 

Chiroptera — chirp — birds — Bats 

C B i u " E \ — set sail — ship— Jonah — Whales 

Coi \ i <>ii), resembling- a deep cup. Glenoid, resembling a shallow cup. 
SIGMOID, curved in two opposite directions. 

Cotyl< UD — cot — hammock — deep — deep cup. Glenoid — glen — shallow 
stream — shallow cup. Sigmoid — -wig — curls — curved in two opposite direc- 
tions. 



Lesson V. — The Table of Consonants and their Numerical Values. 



As is well known, the Romans (like other ancient nations) 
used letters to represent numbers — V for 5, X for 10, L for 50, 
C for 100, and so on. Although, in the present System, we do 
not use the same letters that the Romans did to represent the 
same numbers, at the present stage we will use letters to rep- 
t numbers, nevertheless. The numerical basis of the 
nt System, called the Table of Consonants, is as follows : — 

TV, \)e, 1. Ne, 2. Me, 3. Re, 4. Le, 5- J', Ch*, She, 
7A\e, 6. Ke, Que, Ge (hard, as in gig), 7. Ye, Ye, 8. Ye, 
Y>e, 9. Ce, Se, V.e, o. 

All the letters of the alphabet (as sounded) are embraced in 

the above Table, with the exception of w, h, y ; a, e, i, o and u, 

not used, and have no numerical value assigned to 

1. The final e is used merely to give a similar sound to 

each consonant or numerical syllable, so that the various sounds 

embraced in the Table shall come more harmoniously to the 

The following series of words contains, in order, all the 

mants, or numerical equivalents, embraced in the Table : 

/ — Ann — \\<\m — Oar — Ow/ — /ew, watch, shoe, Asia 

ided with the zfi, like the word azure) Key, guag — Hoo/, 

Pie, boy — Ice, iea, eye/. 



17 

In order that, at this stage, the learner may effectively aid his 
memory in the remembrance of numbers and dates, it is neces- 
sary, at the outset, that the Table of Consonants be thoroughly 
fixed in the mind. The learner should be able to readily name 
all the consonants or equivalents for the numbers, giving them, 
without hesitation, either in their order or promiscuously. In 
order to facilitate, and render entertaining, the thorough mas- 
tery of this Table of Consonants, the present author has de- 
signed the accompanying Numerical Triangle, or Pictorial 
Pyramid. 




(Copyright 1886, by George Yule.) 

i_Toad. 6— Jew, Watch, Shoe, Asia. 

2 — Inn. h 7 — Key, Quag. 

3_Ham. 8— Hoof, Hive. 

4— Oar. 9— Pie, Boy. 

5 — Owl. o— Ice, Sea, Eyes. 



18 

We receive impressions upon the mind through the medium 
of the various senses ; but through the eye we receive a larger 
number ot impressions than through any other sense. In 
m 1. we had an exercise in receiving impressions of 
images of objects through " the mind's eye": now we have 
an exercise in receiving similar impressions through the 
physical eye. A number of simple Questions upon the 
Pictorial Pyramid are here propounded ; and, as it is desirable 
that the learner should answer all the questions for himself or 
herself, the Answers are not printed side by side with the 
Questions. You may test the correctness of your answers, 
nevertheless ; for the various answers will be found grouped in 
separate paragraphs, immediately following each group of ques- 
tions. It is better to read the questions and give the answers 
aloud. Do not be dismayed at the number of questions. They 
are all very simple. 

I. LINES AND NUMBERS. 

Questions. — i. In this pictorial diagram what kind of a figure 
have we before us? Is it a square? Or a circle ? 2. How 
many numbers are embraced in the Triangle or Pyramid ? 
3. What are these numbers? 4. Into how many lines is the 
Pyramid divided? 5. Commencing to count the lines from 
the apex of the Pyramid, how many numbers are found in the 
apex of the Pyramid, that is, in the first line ? 6. How many 
numbers are in the second line? 7. How many in the third 
line ? 8. How many in the fourth or base line ? 9. What 
number is in the first line ? 10. What numbers are in, say, 
the third line? 11. What numbers in the second line? 

12. What numbers in the fourth line ? 13. In the third line? 
14. In the first line? 15. In the fourth line ? 16. In the 
second line ? 

Answers* — 1. No. It is a Triangle or Pyramid. 2. Ten. 
3. One, Two, Three, Four, etc. 4. Four lines. 5. One. 6. 
Two. 7. Three. 8. Four. 9. One. 10. Four, Five, and Six. 
11. Two and Three. 12. Seven, Eight, Nine, and Cipher. 

13. Four, Five, and Six. 14. One. 15. Seven, Eight, Nine, 
and Cipher. 16. Two and Three. 

II. NUMBERS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED OBJECTS. 

Questions. — 1. What is the object associated with number 
One ? 2. What are the objects associated with number 
Naught, Zero, or Cipher? 3. What is associated with number 
Five? 4. What with number Two? 5. What with number 
Six? 6. What with number Three? 7. What with number 



19 

Nine ? 8. What with number Seven ? 9. What with number 
Four? 10. What with number Eight ? 

Answers. — r. Toad. (Not Frog, but Toad.) 2. Ice, Sea, 
Eyes. 3. Owl. 4. Inn. 5. Jew, Watch, Shoe, Asia (sounded 
with the zh, like the word azure). 6. Ham. (Not Fear, but 
Ham.) 7. Pie, Boy. 8. Key, Quag (quagmire). 9. Oar. 
10. Hoof, Hive. 

III. THE CONSONANTS, SYLLABLES, OR NUMERICAL EQUIVA- 
LENTS CONTAINED IN THE NAMES OF THE 
OBJECTS OF THE PYRAMID. 

Questions. — 1. Taking the words, not as actually spelt, but 
as if spelt according to sound j and throwing out, where they 
occur, the letters w, h, y ; a, e, i, o, and u, which, as already 
stated, have attached to them no numerical value or signifi- 
cance : What numerical equivalents, consonants, or syllables 
are left in the word Toad ? 2. In the same way, what are the 
numerical syllables contained in the words Hoof, Hive. 3. In 
Jew, Watch, Shoe, Asia? 4. In Pie, Boy? 5. In Ham? 

6. In Oar ? 7. In Ice, Sea, Eyes ? 8. In Inn ? 9. In Key, 
Quag ? 10. In Owl ? 

Answers. — 1. te, de. 2. fe, ve. 3. je (as in George), che, 
she, zhe. 4. pe, be. 5. me. 6. re. 7. ce, se, ze. (It will 
be observed that ce and se represent the same sound.) 8. ne. 
9. ke, que, ge (hard, as in gorge). 10. le. 

IV. THE NUMBERS AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS. 

Questions. — 1. Recalling to mind, as called for, the Objects 
associated with the respective numbers, but giving utterance 
only to the Numerical Equivalents contained in the Names of 
the Objects : What is the Consonant, Syllable, or Numerical 
Equivalent associated with, say, number Three? 2. With 
number Seven ? 3. With number Six ? 4. With number One ? 
5. With number Naught or Cipher ? 6. With number Five ? 

7. With number Two ? 8. With number Nine ? 9. With 
number Four ? 10. With number Eight ? 

Answei s. — 1. me. (The fact that the letter m is a union of 
three strokes will further assist the beginner to remember that 
m is 3.) 2. ke, que, ge. (It will be noticed that, in outline, 
the Key in the Pictorial Pyramid resembles the shape of num- 
ber 7.) 3. je, che, she, zhe. 4. te, de. 5. ce, se ze. 6. le. 
7- ne. (The fact that the letter n is a union of two strokes 
will further assist the beginner in remembering that n is 2.) 8. 
pe, be. 9. re. 10. fe, ve. 

Having gone carefully over these simple exercises, and got 
the pictures of the Pyramid, with their respective locations, 



20 

well fixed in the kk mind's eye," read over the series of ques- 
tions once more. This time, however, answer them all entirely 
from memory, and do not look either at the Pictorial Pyramid 
or at the printed answers. When you have done this you will 
the Numerical Basis of the present System well impressed 
upon the mind ; and will be able to repeat the Table of Con- 
sonants from memory, not in its order, only, but promiscu- 
ously. Having once acquired it, however, it is advisable for 
beginners to seek to deepen the impression of the Numerical 
is, by occasional revision. 



Lesson VI. — Further Exercise on the formation of words into 
the Syllables embraced in the Table of Consonants, and Transla- 
tion of words into Numbers. 



Observe that the words, in every instance, are to be taken, 
not according to actual spelling, but as if spelt phonetically, 
or according to sound. In che, she, and zhe, the h being re- 
quired to represent the sound is not thrown out as in other 
cases. Teh is sounded che and reckoned 6; as in ditch, which 
is i6. Ng is sounded ge (hard) and reckoned 7 ; as in ring, 
which is 47. S commencing a word has no numerical value ; 
as in satin, which is 12. Double letters are reckoned as single 
letters ; as in funny which is 82 : but where the double letters 
belong to separate and distinct articulations, each letter has its 
numerical value ; as in thinness, which is 1220, and not 120. 
On the same principle, while singing is 77, single is 775. 

Exercise. — Change the - following words into syllables, and 
translate them into figures. Hat, home, lily, wind, fog, piano 
honey, diocese, eagle, shadow, ditch, knob, tomb, wigwam 
harrow, axe, wedding, sack, thinness, hunger, lingo, yankee 
single, angle. 

The syllables and figures are as follows: Hat, te, t. Home 
me, 3. Lily, le-le, 55. Wind, ne-de, 21. Fog, fe-ge, 87 
Piano, pe-ne, 92. Honey, he, 2. Diocese, de-ce-se, 100 
1 gle, ge-le, 75. Shadow, she-de, 61. Ditch, de-che, 16 
Knob, ne-be, 29. Tomb, te-me, 13. Wigwam, ge-me, 73 
Harrow, re, 4. Axe, ke-se, 70. Wedding, de-ge, 17. Sack 
ke, 7. Thinness, te-ne-ne-se, 1220. Hunger, ge-ge-re, 774 
Lingo, le-ge-ge, 577. Yankee, ge-ke, 77. Single, ge-ge-le, 775 
Angle, ge-ge-le, 775. 



21 

In order that you may speedily acquire familiarity with the 
Consonants and their Values, and be able to use language and 
numbers interchangeably, with perfect readiness and ease, we 
recommend you to occasionally take up passages from books, 
newspapers, etc., and exercise yourself in turning the composi- 
tion into numbers. Such an exercise will entirely supersede 
any further exercise upon the Table of Consonants, or upon 
the Pictorial Pyramid. Any piece of composition — prose or 
verse — may be readily turned into numbers on the basis of the 
Table of Consonants. At first, it is well to perform this exer- 
cise aloud ; but, afterwards, it is better to exercise mentally 
only, that is, in silence: the reason being that, when you come 
to put the numerical method of the present Lesson into practi- 
cal application, the process of changing words into numbers 
will be conducted mentally; utterance being given only to the 
resultant numbers or dates. In the exercise of changing words 
into numbers, observe, in the first place, to turn the word into 
its numerical syllables; following — as in the examples given 
above — with the numbers represented by the syllables. 



Lesson VII. — The Fixed Idea. 



In previous Lessons methods have been shown whereby chains 
of ideas, or trains of thought, may be effectively impressed 
upon the mind by association. Persons, however, may have a 
chain of ideas, or train of thought, effectively impressed upon 
the memory and yet not be able to recall it to mind at will ; for 
the reason that they cannot recollect the first idea of the chain. 
Very often persons have a matter stored away in the memory, 
but when the occasion arises for the matter in question to be 
made use of, although perfectly certain that they know it, they 
have not the power to instantly recall it to mind. A single 
word, perhaps, or the merest hint, would serve to prompt them, 
or " jog the memory," and enable them to bring forward the 
matter at once from the recesses of the mind. For want of 
that word, however, or for want of that hint, they are unable to 
avail themselves, at the required time, of an item of knowledge 
which they are quite certain is securely stored away somewhere 
in their mental storehouse. It is in vain that they try to bring 
the matter up. Groping blindly about for such an item of 
knowledge is like grappling at random for a chain that has been 



lost in dark and deep waters. How, then, may a chain of ideas, 
Ot tram of thought, be stored away in the mind in such a way 
that there will be a certainty that it can be readily produced 
when called for ? . • 

The following is a Table of one hundred words, representing 
one hundred Fixed Ideas, the use of which will be presently 
explained. 



i. 

3- 
4. 

5- 

6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 



Hat 

Honey 

Home 

Harrow 

Hill 

Watch 

Oak 

Ivy 

Abbey 

10. Woods 

11. Tide 

12. zEtna 
Tomb 
Stair 
Idol 
Ditch 
Weddmg 
Dove 
Tub 



13. 
M. 

15. 
16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 



20. Noose 



21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 

25. 



Net 

Nun 

Gnome 

Scenery 

Sn.il 



26. Niche 

27. Snake 

28. Knife 

29. Knob 

30. Moose 

31. Meadow 

32. Moon 

33. Mummy 

34. Hammer 

35. Mill 

36. Mush 

37., Hammock 

38. Muff 

39. Map 

40. Horse 

41. Road 

42. Rhine 

43. Army 

44. Orrery 

45. Rail 
Arch 
Rock 
Roof 
Rope 



46 
47 

48 

49 



50. Lass 



51. 


Lead 


76. 


Cash 


52. 


Lion 


77. 


King 


53. 


Loom 


73. 


Cave 


54- 


Lyre 


79- 


Cape 


55- 


Lily 


80. 


Vase 


56. 


Lash 


81. 


Vat 


57- 


Lock 


82. 


Fan 


58. 


Loaf 


83- 


Foam 


59- 


Lobby 


84. 


Fur 


60. 


Cheese 


85. 


Vale 


61. 


Shadow 


86. 


Fish 


62. 


Chain 


87. 


Fog 


63. 


Gem 


88. 


Fife 


64. 


Chair 


89. 


Fop 


65. 


Jail 


90. 


Piazza 


66. 


Judge 


91. 


Boat 


67. 


Jug 


92. 


Piano 


68. 


Sheaf 


93- 


Palm 


69. 


Ship 


94. 


Opera 


70. 


Axe 


95- 


Bell 


71. 


Gate 


96. 


Bush 


72. 


Gun 


97. 


Book 


73. 


Wigwam 


98. 


Beef 


74- 


Car 


99. 


Pipe 


75. 


Eagle 


100. 


Diocese 



Sometimes, for want of the power of recollection, a mat- 
ter committed to memory is like a thing committed to the 
deep ; and, as has been already remarked, groping blindly 
about for an item of knowledge, or a chain of ideas, known to be 
stored away in the mind, is like grappling at random for a 
ship's chain that has been lost in dark and deep waters. A 
chain that has been allowed to drop overboard into the harbor 
is lost to view, and has to be blindly grappled for ; but if, be- 
fore the chain was allowed to drop overboard, one end of it 
had been fastened to a pqst securely fixed upon the wharf, the 
whole might have been readily recovered from the waters, link 
by link. In like manner, a casual item of knowledge, or a 
chain of casual items or ideas, may be attached to a Fixed 
Idea ; and by means of that Fixed Idea, recovered or recalled 



* This Table is from " Mnemotechny " by Fliny Miles, a pupil of Fauvel- 
Gouraud : but is here revised and altered by the present author. 



23 

at will, with certainty and readiness. The Fixed Idea, of 
course, must be an idea as well established in the mind, as 
readily recalled, and as instantly available as, for instance, one's 
own name. Frequently, indeed, a person's own name itself 
represents a distinctive idea that may be advantageously em- 
ployed as a Fixed Idea, or anchorage, for flitting ideas or casual 
trains of thought. 

Instead, however, of having but one Fixed Idea at our com- 
mand, always available, it is well to have several. In ordinary 
use perhaps twenty, or at the most fifty, will be amply sufficient ; 
but in the foregoing Table a selected series of one hundred has 
been given. Upon looking closely at the words of the series 
it will be observed that, arranged in consecutive order, they con- 
tain Numerical Consonants or Syllables expressing the numbers 
from i to ioo. 

The series of words contained in the Table may be easily 
committed to memory by a single careful reading, by the 
means explained in Lesson I. Having so fixed the series in 
the memory, you will be able to repeat the Table in consecu- 
tive order, from beginning to end, or backwards. Moreover, 
having already acquired a familiarity with the Numerical Con- 
sonants, you will be able, without any additional study of the 
Table of Fixed Ideas, to give the number in which each word 
of the Table stands : for the series is so arranged that the words 
themselves, by reason of the consonants contained in each, de- 
clare the numerical position which they respectively occupy. 
In order to obtain the full use of this entire series of Fixed 
Ideas, however, it is not only necessary for you to be able to 
readily repeat the Table from beginning to end, forwards and 
backwards ; and be competent to instantly give the number in 
which any word stands ; but it is also desirable that you should 
be able to give the various words promiscuously, upon their 
respective numbers being furnished. This latter can be per- 
fectly effected only by practice. But, at the very outset, upon 
promiscuous numbers being given, you may be able, in many 
cases, to give the words representing the numbers. This you 
may do by reflecting as to what numerical letters or syllables 
are required to be embraced in the word called for, in order 
that it will represent the number given. Thus, if the Fixed 
Idea representing No. 22 be called for, you will know that the 
word must contain n-n : and, by trying the insertion of the 
various vowels, you may easily call up the word Nun. In the 
same way, if the Fixed Idea representing No. 32 be called for, 
you will know that the word must contain m — n : and by trying, 
as before, the insertion of the various vowels, you may readily 
call up the word Moon. It will be found, however, that prac- 



24 

is necessary to enable you to promptly name the respective 
words for the various numbers, promiscuously given. The 
Table ot Fixed Ideas, then, or as much of it as may be desired, 
should be thoroughly mastered — numbers and words. The 
student should practice it, in order and promiscuously, till he 
knows readily the word for each number — till he can tell in- 
stantly, that, for instance, the nineteenth word is Tub, the fifty- 
fit th Lily, the thirtieth Moose, and so on. He should also be 
able to rapidly translate the words into numbers thus : Book, 
97 ; Loom, 53 ; Mill, 35 ; Chair, 64. 

In previous Lessons you took up series of words, and associ- 
ated ideas with each other in a consecutive chain. A chain of 
ideas, so associated, you found that you could repeat correctly 
from memory in consecutive order, either forwards or back- 
wards. You could not, however, give any word of the series 
promiscuously — you could not, for instance, tell which was the 
seventeenth word of the series, or the eleventh, or the thirty- 
ninth, or the twenty-second. In the present Lesson, however, 
we will take, as an extemporaneous exercise, a fresh series of 
simple words ; and by associating the various ideas, not with 
each other, but with the Fixed Ideas of the Table, we will com- 
mit them to memory in such a manner as to be able to repeat 
them, in order, forwards and backwards, and also promiscuously. 
When you shall have mastered the Table, and got it thoroughly 
fixed in your mind ; that is, when the series of Fixed Ideas shall 
have become, in reality, fixed and established ideas in your 
mind ; you will be able to accomplish an exercise such as the 
following without looking at, or referring to, the Table at all. 
In the meantime, however, seeing that you have not yet mas- 
tered the Table, you will have to keep it before you, and refer 
to it. 

The series of words we are now about to take up, as an exer- 
cise upon the application of the Table of Fixed Ideas, we will 
take up, not consecutively, as was done in the previous Lessons, 
but promiscuously. The words we are about to give, moreover, 
you will not associate with each other, but you will link them, 
one by one, with the Fixed Ideas of the Table. If we com- 
mence by telling you that the nineteenth word of the series to be 
memorized is Molasses, you will associate the idea Molasses 
with the nineteenth Fixed Idea, which is Tub: if we say that 
the thirty-first word of the series to be now memorized is Hay- 
rick, you will associate the idea Hay-rick with the thirty-first 
Fixed Idea, which is Meadow : if we say that the ninth word 
of the series to be memorized is Spider, you will associate the 
idea Spider with the ninth Fixed Idea which is Abbey. Pro- 
ceed in the same way through the entire series given below, 



25 



associating each word, as it occurs, with the Fixed Idea corre- 
sponding to its number. 



19. molasses 

31. hayrick 
9. spider 

16. filter 

25. safe 
2. ring 

11. logs 

32. obelisk 
18. jar 

26. brush 
7., plow 



30. pitchfork 

23. dance 
12. press 

8. dog 
15. giant 
21. treaty 
10. Adam 

24. lobster 
^^. tinware 

6. mud 
1. parrot 



17. Jesuit 

5. horseshoe 

13. sponge 
20. cage 

29. beefsteak 

22. torch 

3. teapot 

27. trumpet 

14. bellman 

4. theatre 

28. fleece 



Having gone carefully over the above series, in the order in 
which it stands, and associated each idea with its numerically 
corresponding Fixed Idea, you will now be able to repeat the 
entire series from memory ; not in the order in which you took 
it up, but in its consecutive numerical order, beginning with 
the first word " parrot," and continuing on, in consecutive 
numerical progression, till the thirty-third word, " tinware," is 
reached. If you have the Table of Fixed Ideas really fixed in 
the mind, you will be able to do this exercise entirely from 
memory, repeating the series given above by recalling the 
Fixed Ideas to mind, one by one, in consecutive numerical 
order. If, however, you do not have the Table of Fixed Ideas 
actually fixed in the mind, you will have to keep the Table 
before you, and, by looking at it, repeat the series of words 
which you have just associated with it. In each case the 
Fixed Idea will serve to recall to mind the idea which has been 
associated with it^ and the entire series of words given above 
may be "repeated from memory, forwards, backwards, or pro- 
miscuously. If, for instance, the fifteenth word be called for, 
you will bring to mind the fifteenth Fixed Idea ; which will 
recall the idea and word which you have associated with it, the 
fifteenth of the series, namely giant. 

If, on the other hand, a certain word of the series be men- 
tioned, and its number called for, — the word u trumpet," for 
instance — you will recall the Fixed Idea with which you have 
associated the idea " trumpet" (namely Snake), and the num- 
ber of the Fixed Idea will represent or indicate the number in 
which the word " trumpet " stands in the foregoing series. 

It is thus seen that if, by one careful reading, a series of 
ideas be associated in the manner which has been explained, a 
person familiar with the Table of Fixed Ideas, and with the 



26 

ctivc numbers of the various Fixed Ideas, will be able to 
..: the series from memory, forwards and backwards, in 
numerical order. He will be able, also, to give the words of 
the series promiscuously. If asked, for instance, what is the 
thirty-ninth word he has just committed to memory, or the 
;\ -M\th, or the twenty-fourth, he will be able to give 
it readily. Moreover, any word of the memorized series being 
given, he will be able to give instantly the number in which it 
stands. 



Lesson VIII. — Further Applications of the principle of the 
Fixed Idea. 



By means of a series of well established Fixed Ideas the mem- 
ory may be very materially aided in the orderly and effective 
remembrance of the substance of lectures, sermons, speeches, 
etc.; a single thought being associated with each Fixed Idea, 
or a chain consisting of several thoughts being associated with 
each Fixed Idea. 

By the same means, also, a person may be enabled to speak 
without notes. A lawyer, for instance, who is familiar with 
the Table of Fixed Ideas, and practised in using it, may have the 
leading points, or outline, of his speech so laid out in his 
mind, and so completely at his command, that, although he 
may be interrupted many times in the course of his address, 
he will not have his ideas disarranged ; but will be able, 
each time, to readily revert to the exact point at which he 
left Off. 

A preacher, however, instead of impressing the outline of 
his discourse upon his memory by using the Table of Fixed 
Ideas, may, at any time, in preparing a sermon, extemporize 
an effective series of Fixed Ideas from the page of the Bible 
which, during delivery of the sermon, will naturally lie open 
before him upon the desk. Having underlined, or otherwise 
prominently marked, a suitable series of words contained in 
the page which he intends 'shall lie open before him, he may 
the series as fixed ideas with which to associate the out- 
line of his discourse. In delivering his sermon, he may refer, 
whenever necessary, to these underlined or marked words 
upon the page before him ; and the ideas which he has previ- 
ously associated with them will be effectively brought to mind. 
This plan has the advantage of affording afresh series of 






27 

Fixed Ideas for use in memorizing the outline of each sermon, 
thus diminishing the risk of confusion. 

If desired, a piece of poetry may be so memorized that any 
line called for by number may be given, without reference to 
any other line. But there is no particular advantage in doing 
this, except as an exercise. In memory exhibitions of this 
kind a favorite piece of composition has been Southey's Cata- 
ract of Lodore. Promiscuous lines are readily given by the 
exhibitor, from memory, through having a prominent idea of 
each line associated with a corresponding Fixed Idea. 

Memoranda of errands or engagements may be impressed 
upon the mind by means of Fixed Ideas. But, in memorizing 
the heads of subjects to be referred to in an interview or letter, 
the name of the person to be interviewed, or written to, should 
form the post, anchorage, or fixed idea, to which to attach the 
first link of the chain of matters to be referred to. 

To persons given to much thinking, stray thoughts, which it 
is desired to preserve, sometimes come when the persons are 
not in a convenient position to take a note of them, — in bed, 
for instance, when the light is out and no writing materials at 
hand. Such thoughts may be readily fastened to a fixed idea, 
or to fixed ideas, and recalled to mind on the morrow. 

In business there are matters which it is not advisable to 
trust entirely to the memory. Many, however, having a desire 
to be business-like, seek to supersede the natural memory, to 
a great degree, by taking notes of everything, however trifling, 
and relying entirely upon these notes. Now, in reality, this 
indiscriminate use of notes or memoranda is not business-like ; 
for it tends directly, and surely, to the impairment or destruc- 
tion of the gift of memory. The power of memory is devel- 
oped by use, or decreased by disuse ; and many persons in 
business have ultimately come to realize that they have 
systematically ruined their faculty of recollection by taking 
notes of everything, and never trusting anything to the mem- 
ory. Notes and memoranda should be used judiciously ; and 
should not be allowed to practically supersede the use of the 
memory. The memory should be afforded facilities for con- 
stant exercise. If notes or memoranda be largely employed, 
the person using them should, as far as practicable, impress the 
matters upon the memory also ; and, afterwards, refer to his 
notes only to substantiate what he has already called to mind 
by the exercise of the memory. 

Furnished with a series of fixed ideas to represent the vari- 
ous days of the week, or of the month, the business man may 
acquire the habit, and the power, of systematically laying down 
in the mind, in advance, lists of matters to be attended to on 



28 

each day. To recall to mind the chain of matters to be 
attended to on a particular day, recall the fixed idea repre- 
senting that day. To represent the days of the week, words 
commencing with the initial letters of the respective days may 
be used as fixed ideas, thus : Monday — money : Tuesday — 
tube ; Wednesday — wedge ; Thursday — thistle ; Friday — friar. 



Lesson IX. — The remembrance of Numbers, Dates, Etc. 



Most persons have great difficulty in remembering numbers, 
dates, heights of mountains, lengths of rivers, etc., etc. Even 
such a simple thing as the number of days in the respective 
months of the year most persons have great difficulty in remem- 
bering ; and so, to assist the memory, they make use of the 
well-known mnemonic rhyme, " Thirty days hath September," 
etc. The present author, in his work as a practical teacher, 
has dealt with numbers in two ways : — Firstly, By lowering the 
difficulty of the matter to the level of the present capacity of 
the pupil's memory ; and, Secondly, By raising the power of the 
memory to the level of the difficulty. The first expedient, which 
yields immediate and valuable results, is to be treated of in the 
present Lesson : the second, which requires a prolonged train- 
ing before yielding results, will be taken up later on. 

Figures or numerals are but arbitrary symbols, characters, 
or devices, designed to represent ideas of time, number, quantity, 
distance, degree, etc. ; and, whereas one nation or people has 
represented such ideas by one set of symbols, other peoples 
have attained the same end by the employment of an altogether 
different series of symbols. For example, the idea of time 
represented to us by the Arabic symbols 1328 may be repre- 
sented as effectively by means of the Roman numerals 
mcccxxviii. Figures or numerals, then, being purely arbitrary 
and artificial symbols, characters, signs, or devices, designed to 
represent or convey to the. mind ideas of time, number, quantity, 
distance, degree, etc. ; and, moreover, these figures or symbols 
being, to most persons, exceedingly difficult of distinctive 
remembrance in connection with facts in history, geography, 
statistics, etc., it is not unphilosophical, in the present Lesson, 
to represent numerical ideas by other symbols than mere figures 
or letters ; if, by doing so, we not only do not obscure the 
numerical ideas, but are assisted to remember these ideas very 






29 

much better. To represent numbers, dates, etc., by means of 
words conveying distinctive ideas to the mind, may, of course, 
be said to be an artificial expedient ; yet it is no more essentially 
artificial than to represent ideas of time, number, quantity, etc., 
by means of the figures or symbols in common use. Both 
expedients are artificial and arbitrary ; and the present choice 
is a practical one between that which, with the great majority 
of persons, is effective for purposes of remembrance, and that 
which is not at all effective. The process of the present Lesson 
is not intended for persons who have no difficulty whatever in 
remembering numbers, but for such as have difficulty. Neither 
is it intended for those silly human parrots who, without any 
intelligent or practical knowledge of the subject, take up and 
repeat the false, threadbare, empty dictum of the ignorant 
theorist (who flatters himself with the delightful conceit that he 
is nothing if not a philosopher !) inanely inquiring " if it is not 
harder to remember the mnemonic method of remembering 
numbers than the numbers themselves." They are certainly 
very superficial "philosophers " who cannot see a close analogy 
between the judicious use, in the Art of Memory, of striking 
ideas to represent numbers, and, for instance, the use of simile, 
metaphor, and other figures of speech, in the Art of Rhetoric. 
In the present Lesson we will again apply the principle of 
substituting clear and distinctive ideas, capable of strikingly im- 
pressing the mind, for abstruse ideas not capable of so impressing 
the mind. We will represent numbers, which it is difficult to 
remember, by means of words easy of remembrance. By this 
time, of course, the pupil should be thoroughly familiar with 
the Numerical Consonants, and be capable of using them with 
ease and correctness. A series of numbers, then, may be readily 
memorized, by one reading, not by memorizing the numbers 
themselves, but by memorizing a series of representative words 
such as are found in the following example: — 



3°4 


11 


210 


177 


84 


107 


4 


202 


743 


3 2 4 


197 


73 2 


312 


539 


914 


994 


91 


i4 


95i 


401 


miser 


statue 


handsaw 


tank 


fairy 


desk 


arrow 


ensign 


cream 


miner 


tobacco 


hangman 


mutton 


lamp 


butter 


pepper 


boot 


oyster 


belt 


roast 



In dealing with numbers in this way, of course the first thing 



to be done is to get the numbers which it is desired to impress 
upon the memory ; the second thing to be done is to select 
suitable words to represent the numbers ; and the third thing 
is to memorize, not the numbers, but these representative words. 

When the same number occurs more than once in the same 
scries of numbers desired to be memorized in a continuous 
chain, the repeated number should, on each occasion on which 
it arises, be represented by a distinctly different idea. If the 
number 51, for example, occur twice in the same series, the 
idea lady may be taken as its representative, or equivalent, in 
the first instance ; and, say, the idea lathe in the second instance. 
When a word to express or represent a certain whole number 
is not to be found, other words must be taken for the compo- 
nent figures of the number in question. For example, if no 
word be found for 242, words may be taken for 2 and 42, or 24 
and 2. Any number, no matter of how many figures it may 
consist, may be represented by simply using enough words. 
By a little consideration on the part of the pupil, words to rep- 
resent given numbers may be readily called before the mind, 
without the necessity of consulting a Phonetic Vocabulary. If, 
for instance, the number 352 be given, the pupil, knowing that 
a word, in order to represent that number, must contain the 
consonants m — 1 — n, may try the insertion of vowels between 
these consonants, and so call up the word melon, or Milan, or 
million, or malign. The thought given to obtaining a suitable 
word to represent a number is, usually, all that is required to 
impress that representative word or idea upon the memory. 

There are many persons with " poor n memory who, by dint 
of diligent repetition, can remember long pieces of prose or 
verse ; while utterly unable to remember correctly, by any 
amount of repetition, long series of historical dates, lengths of 
rivers, heights of mountains, statistics, etc. One object of the 
present Lesson is to show such persons how the faculty which 
they now employ in the remembrance of prose, poetry, etc., 
may be turned in the direction of historical dates, etc., and be 
made to yield surprising results in the memorization of classes 
of matter the memorization of which, heretofore, has been to 
them practically impossible. 

In the following examples the dates, etc., are remembered 
by means of a phrase or formula, containing words which express 
or represent the figures. As will be seen, the final words of the 
formula, printed in small capitals, express the figures. These 
formulas, which are printed in italics and small capitals, should 
be memorized aloud y \n connection with the historical events or 
other facts to which they respectively refer ; and the learner 
should habituate himself to emphasize, in each case, the words 



31 

which stand for the numbers. By doing so, and by knowing 
that the words representing the numbers are always put at or to- 
wards the end of the formulas, the learner, in afterwards recall- 
ing the dates, etc., to memory, will have no difficulty in deter- 
mining just what words of the various formulas stand for the 
figures. 

1492. Columbus discovered the Bahama Islands : and, land- 
ing, built a fire of dry pine. 

1859. The hanging of John Brown : was done with a tough 
loop. 

Acre, Syria. Latitude 32 ; Longitude 35. To work an acre 
requires « man and a mule. 

Buffalo, U. S. Latitude 42 ; Longitude 78. A Buffalo was 
accompanied by a serene calf. 

Mont Blanc, 15,781 feet high, is ascended with toiling feet. 

River Danube, 1,725 miles long: flows more swiftly than a 

WIDE CANAL. 

In the memorization of exact dates — Year, Month, and Day — 
we may represent the month by means of any suitable noun 
beginning with the initial letter of the name of the month ; 
making an exception, however, in the cases of May, June, July, 
and August ; the initials of which are the same as the initials 
of March, January, and April. Supplying arbitrary initials to 
represent May, June, July, and August, the nouns to represent 
the twelve months may begin with the following initials. 

J — January R — May S — September 

F — February T — June O — October 

M— March I< — July KT — November 

A — April G — August D — December. 

Afew examples of dates, with year, month, and day indicated 
in the formula, are now given. It will be noticed that, in each 
case, such nouns have been selected to represent the months 
as are so great numerically as not to be liable to be confused 
in the mind with the words representing the year. It will also 
be noticed that, for the same reason, the word representing the 
month cannot possibly be confounded in the mind with the 
word representing the day of the month. No word capable of 
being rendered into less than three figures should be taken to 
represent the month, lest it become confounded in the memory 
with the word representing the day of the month : indeed it is 
always well, in selecting words to represent the months, to select 
such words as, if rendered into numbers, would yield more than 
four figures ; and, consequently, could not be mistaken in the 
memory, either for the year, or for the day of the month. 

15th November, 1805. The first Exploring Expedition 



32 

ss the American Continent reached the shores of the 
ic Ocean : having kept a daily notebook and found a 
ssii . 
17th April, 1521, The Diet of Worms. A diet of worms 

OOTHING AMBROSIA to an IDLE ANT. 

Many persons, who find it practically impossible to remember 
dates and figures in the usual way, can easily, and pleasurably, 
memorize formulas such as we have used ; seeing that these 
formulas convey more interesting and distinctive impressions 
to the mind than the mere figures are capable of doing. Till 
siuh time as the natural memory for figures be developed, 
words may be philosophically employed to represent numbers. 
Instead, however, of using words embodied in set phrases, 
simple chains of ideas may be advantageously employed. 

[346, Battle of Crecy. Cre£y — cresses — Wet marsh. 

1410. Wire drawing invented at Nuremberg. Wire — many 
^f wire — Threads. 

Particular attention must always be given to the making of 
an effective connection between the name, and the word repre- 
senting a number which it is desired to attach to that name. 
If, for instance, the dates of a series of battles are to be memo- 
rized, in every case in which the name of the battle does not 
convey to the mind an idea strikingly distinct from that 
ested by any other name, an intermediate must be inserted ; 
a- was done in the above instance of the battle of Crecy. 

Any one who wishes to memorize, in a few minutes, the names 
of the sovereigns of England since William the Conqueror, will 
find, upon referring to Lesson I., that the series of words given 
as an exercise in that Lesson was selected, not merely for the 
immediate purpose of that Lesson, but also for another pur- 
. namely, as an illustration in effectively representing a 
series of names unusually difficult to memorize by a series of 
names very easy to memorize. In the cases of those sovereigns 
with whose names no succession number is allied, sound was 
employed as follows: — Steeple, Stephen ; Gong, John ; Dairy, 
v ; Fan, Anne ; Victory, Victoria. Sound was also 
employed in another case, namely : — Interment, Interregnum. 
One name, that of F^lizabeth, we dealt with directly, since 
the personality of Queen Elizabeth stands out with sufficient 
rness and distinctiveness in the average mind. All the 
ining names were represented by words whose initial letter 
indicates the name of the sovereign, — W indicating William ; 
H, Henry; k, Richard; E, Edward; J, James; C, 
Charles; G, George. Moreover, in all the cases in which 
the- initial letter of the representative word was utilized to 
indicate the sovereign's name, the final consonant of the 



33 



representative word was employed to indicate the number of 
the name, thus : — IVheat, William I. ; IVixgou, William II, ; 
Hound, Henry J. ; //e/z, Henry II. 



Sovereigns of England, and Dates of Succession. 



i 

2 

3 
4 
5 
6 

7 

8 

9 
io 
ii 

12 

13 
14 
15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 
26 

27 
28 

29 

30 
31 

32 

33 
34 
35 
36 



. .William I 1066. . 

..William II 1087. , 

. .Henry 1 1100. . 

. .Stephen 1135. . 

. .Henry II H54- 

. . Richard 1 1189. 

. John .1199. 

. .Henry III 1216. 

. .Edward 1 1272. 

. .Edward II 1307. 

. Edward III 1327. 

. .Richard II 1377. , 

. .Henry IV 1399 

. .Henry V 1413. 

. .Henry VI 1422. 

. .Edward "IV 1461. 

. .Edward V 1483. 

..Richard III 1483. 

..Henry VII 1485. 

. . Henry VIII 1509, 

. .Edward VI 1547 

. .Mary 1553- 

. .Elizabeth 1558. 

. .James I 1603. 

. .Charles I 1625. 

. .Interregnum . . . 1649. 

..Charles II 1660. 

, ..James II 1685. 

..William HI 1689. 

, .Anne 1702. 

. . .George I 1714* 

, . .George II 1727. 

, . .George ILL . . . .1760 

, . .George IV 1820. 

...William IV 1830. 

. . .Victoria 1837. 



. .Wheat Odious judge 

. .Wagon Satisfying 

. . Hound Duteous ass 

. . Steeple Dyed mule 

. Hen Tattler 

. . Raft Dyed fop 

. .Gong Stout baby 

. . Ham Wet sandwich 

. . Elephant Satin gown 

. . Eden Sweet music 

. . Elm Sad maniac 

. . Raven Demagogue 

. Heater Steam pipe 

. . Hall Starry dome 

. . Hedge Eastern inn 

. Ear Tragedy 

. . Easel ........ True fame 

. . Rome Sad seraphim 

. .Hack Water-fall 

. . Hive Hatless boy 

..Effigy Woodlark 

. .Dairy Idle loom 

. .Elizabeth Daily levee 

. .Jacket Audacious aim 

. .Chest ....... .Weedy channel 

. Interment ... .Sweet cherub 

. .Chain .Dutch cheese 

. .Juryman Wet shovel 

. . Worm Sottish fop 

. . Fan Sweet cousin 

. .Giant Doctor 

. . Garden Thick snake 

. . .Gem Thick edges 

. . Gunpowder . . . Deafness 

. .Weir Deaf miss 

, . .Victory Defaming 



In the foregoing series we have, firstly, the serial number ; 
secondly, the name of the sovereign ; thirdly, the date of 
succession ; fourthly, the easily remembered word representing 
the name difficult to remember ; and, lastly, the word or words 
whose consonants represent the date of succession. Where 
we can get one word to represent the whole of the figures in a 
date, we employ one word ; but when we cannot represent all 
the figures of the date by means of one word we take two — 
generally a noun qualified by an adjective. 

Attention has been already drawn to the fact that, in remem- 
bering number-words in connection with names, particular care 



31 

must alwavs be given to making an effective connection or 
bond of association. Where the name itself presents to the 
mind a clear idea, distinct from that suggested by any other 
name, the connection between the name and the number-word 
may be made directly : but when the name itself does not pre- 
sent a distinctive idea, an intermediate must be introduced, in 
order to effect a good connection. If, for instance, the name 
Henry IV., of the above series, does not suggest to our mind a 
clear idea of individuality, quite distinct from the idea of in- 
dividuality suggested by any of the other names, an appropriate 
intermediate must intervene between the name Henry IV. and 
the word representing, by its consonants, the date of succes- 
sion, thus : Hknry IV. — heater — Steam-pipe. If we at- 
tempted to associate the idea " steam-pipe " directly with 
" Henry IV." without having any clear and distinctive idea of 
Henry IV., it would soon be found that the connection was not 
effective ; for we would find ourselves liable to call up the 
idea " steam-pipe " in connection with some other Henry ; or 
some William, perhaps ; or some Edward or Richard. In the 
foregoing series of the sovereigns of England, therefore, the 
simple words Wheat, Wagon, Hound, Steeple, etc., are used for 
the double representative purpose of, in the first place, serially 
recalling the names of the sovereigns, as they stand related to 
each other ; and, in the second place, of acting as intermediates 
to the names individually, in their relation to the dates of suc- 
cession to the throne. If the series of names of sovereigns had 
been memorized, not by means of other words, but directly, a 
series of such words as Wheat, Wagon, Hound, Steeple, etc., 
would still have been required, to act as intermediates between 
the name and the number-word or number-words representing 
the date. 

In making the associations between the ideas represented by 
<he words Wheat, Wagon, Hound, Steeple, etc., and the ideas 
represented by the date-words, the pupil will have an oppor- 
tunity to use his judgment as to the particular mode of associa- 
tion suitable to be employed in the various instances. In some 
cases, association by means of images, as in Lesson I., will 
doubtless be suggested ; in other cases, association by means 
of intermediates ; and, in still other cases, it may be sought to 
make the connection doubly strong by applying both modes of 
association. 



35 



Lesson X. — Miscellaneous Applications of various Principles. 



We have seen how, where difficulty is experienced, the mem- 
ory may be greatly aided in the remembrance of words or of 
numbers by the judicious use of representative matter capable 
of more strikingly and effectively impressing the mind. The 
applications of the principle of Substitution as an aid to memory 
are practically endless, being limited only by the aptness and 
ingenuity of the pupil. 

Take statistics, for instance. According to the census of 
1880, the number of Clergymen, Lawyers, and Doctors, respect- 
ively, in the United States was then as follows : — 

Clergymen, 64,698. watcher, sheep, foe. 

Lawyers, 64,137. jury, steaming. 

Physicians and Surgeons, 85,671. feel shocked. 

The names of the sixty-six books of the Old and New Tes- 
tament Scriptures, in their order, with the number of chapters 
in each book, may be effectually memorized by associating 
them with the Table of Fixed Ideas. If sentences be used 
for the purpose they will be constructed as follows : — 

18. The Dove is gentle ; and so was Job, whose afflictions 
pierced his soul like Iron. 

20. A Noose is often reserved for him who will not give 
heed to Proverbs, but continues in a wicked Mood. 

66. A Judge is revealed in Revelation who will overlook 
None. 

To remember Book, Chapter, and Verse, in which certain 
passages of holy scripture are found, take the prominent idea 
of the passage, and with it associate words to indicate the 
number of the Chapter, and the number of the Verse, respect- 
ively. Unless the name of the Book and the number of the 
Chapter can be represented by one word ; in the chain of 
ideas representing Book, Chapter, and Verse, it is better to 
place the name of the Book, or the word representing it, at 
the end of the chain ; and so obviate, as much as possible, the 
recurrence of one particular word in the midst of several dif- 
ferent chains. By having the names of the various Books 
associated with the Table of Fixed Ideas, the words of the 
Table may be used to distinctively represent the names of the 
various Books. 

Persons having difficulty in distinguishing in the memory, 
by number, the Ten Commandments, may readily do so by 
utilizing the first ten ideas of the Table given in Lesson VII. ; 



36 

associating the idea of each commandment with its numeri- 
cally corresponding Fixed Idea. 

In Music, the various principles already explained may be 
utilized in many ways. For instance, the names of the notes 
of the Treble and Bass Clefs, including ledger lines, may be 
easily memorized by means of representee words associated 
with the Table of Fixed Ideas : the word representing, by its 
initial letter, the note on the first line being associated with 
the first Fixed Idea — Hat — and the word representing the 
note on the first space being associated with the eleventh 
Fixed Idea — Tide — ; which, with its following fixed ideas, may 
be, for the purpose, understood to represent i, 2, 3, etc., 
instead of n, 12, 13, etc. 

Or, in place of memorizing the notes through the medium 
of "the mind's eye," they may be impressed upon the memory 
through the medium of the physical eye. This may be done 
by making a diagram of the staff, and sketching, or pasting, on 
the lines, and in the spaces, representations of objects, the 
names of which begin with the letters of the notes ; animals, 
for instance, being used on the lines, and inanimate objects in 
the spaces. 

In Chemistry, the Table of Simple Substances, with their 
Symbols and Atomic Weights, may be easily and correctly 
remembered by means of representative chains of ideas capa- 
ble of impressing the mind ; as for instance : — Bismuth Bi 3 
210. = Bismuth — Bismarck — Bigamy — Knots. In this exam- 
ple of course the name Bismarck has been introduced as a repre- 
sentative of Bismuth, in order to present a more distinctive idea. 
The ideas of the chain may be associated in the mind by 
means of a train of reflection in this way : — Bismarck is a great 
man, but even great men are subject to the laws of their coun- 
try. Among its laws every country has, or should have, a law 
against Bigamy. Bigamy is a crime which consists in having 
more than one spouse ; and whereas, in legitimate matrimony, 
there is the nuptial knot, in Bigamy there are nuptial Knots. 

To remember Chemical formulae the natural memory, rein- 
forced by a practical knowledge of the subject, should be 
employed to take charge of the matter as it stands ; but, if 
desired, the plan illustrated above may be made use of to some 
extent. Example: Ammonia N H 3 = Ammonia — money — 
No.d,t Home. 

In Law, with the statement of a principle may be associ- 
ated the name of the case deciding the point, the date of the 
decision, the title of the book in which the decision is recorded, 
and the volume and page. In the same manner, in connection 
with a principle of law, t«he statute, section, etc., may be effect- 



37 

ively memorized. A lawyer applying the principles explained 
in the present treatise to the memorization of such matter, 
should, in the first place, tabulate the titles of the various 
books to which he is in the habit of making reference in his 
practice ; so as to have each book of the series represented in 
his memory by a certain specific number, or distinctive word 
or idea. 

It is evident that the spelling oi even the most outlandish word, 
no matter how lengthy and how difficult it may be, may be very 
quickly and correctly memorized by using a series of words to 
represent the various letters ; each word of the series indicating, 
by its initial letter, the successive letters of the long and difficult 
word the spelling of which it is desired to remember. Indeed, it 
will be evident that, by the means suggested, such a long and 
difficult word maybe speedily and correctly spelt from memory, 
not only forwards but backwards. 

Price-marks used in trade — in which letters represent figures 
or numerals — may be memorized, in a few moments, by means 
of the Table of Fixed Ideas ; words being used the initials of 
which correspond with the letters representing the figures or 
numerals. Or words may be taken, each beginning with a 
letter of the price-mark and ending with a letter representing 
the corresponding figure. Memorized in this way, a strange 
price-mark may be at once rehearsed from memory, forwards, 
backwards, and promiscuously. A person familiar with the 
numerical basis of the present System, however, may use it as 
a price-mark. 

Telephone numbers, pages of the ledger, safe combinations, 
price Jists, street numbers, etc., etc., may all be memorized by 
means already fully explained. 

Sometimes the power which we have to remember words, as 
mere arrangements of letters apart from ideas, may be brought 
into requisition to assist the memory in the orderly remem- 
brance of a short series of words (such as the names of the 
colors of the rainbow) by taking the initial letters of the series, 
and combining them in the form of a word. The resultant 
word will, of course, be arbitrary ; yet it is found that even 
such a word may be utilized as an aid to the memory. In 
constructing such words, however, care should always be taken 
to make the first part of the word indicate the application of 
the remaining part which it is designed to draw after it. Where 
necessary for the purpose of articulation, vowels may be intro- 
duced as in the following example : Regions of the vertebrae — 
cervical, dorsal, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal— Regvertcadlasac. 

After the meanings of the foreign words have become asso- 
ciated in the mind with the words, a long series of arbitrary 



38 

genders in a foreign language may be correctly remembered 
by a single reading. This may be done by using words con- 
veying strikingly distinctive ideas to stand in place of, and 
indicate by their initial letters, the names of the unstriking 

genders, thus :-- 

Masculine Feminine Neuter 



German. — Moon Feathers Net 

French. — Mule Forest Needles 

The gender of the foreign word can be easily and effectively 
memorized by making an association between the idea con- 
veved by the word and the idea representing the gender. 

To memorize a series of prepositions, or other words of a 
similar sort, a distinctive, more graspable idea may be joined 
to each word ; and the unimpressive names remembered by 
means of the striking ideas which have been associated with 
them. For instance, the prepositions ; about, above, aboard, 
across, after, against, along; maybe conjoined with distinctive 
ideas as follows : — about town, above sky, aboard ship, across 
ocean, after rain, against rock, along road. The power, how- 
ever, which we have to learn a thing by heart — by rote, if you 
please — by the mere force of repetition, is not by any means to 
be despised ; for, although much misused, it may be very pro- 
perly applied to the memorizing of such a thing as a list of the 
prepositions, taken just as they stand in the grammar. 

Lists of words designed to be memorized, such as a series of 
irregular verbs, or of words forming exceptions to a rule, are 
usually arranged in alphabetical order. Before presentation to 
the memory, however, it is better, whenever possible, to re- 
arrange the series, grouping the ideas according to the laws of 
association. For instance, if we wished to remember the fol- 
lowing series of verbs, namely, — to add, to affright, to aggran- 
dize, to amend, to faint, to fight, to grow worse, to increase, 
to recover, to speak— it would be better to thoughtfully re- 
arrange them as follows : to add, to aggrandize, to increase, to 
amend, to grow worse, to fight, to affright, to faint, to recover, 
to speak. 

In college, many students lose much time and instruction 
through the continual recurrence in lectures of terms with which 
they have never taken the trouble to properly associate the 
relative ideas. In the course of a single lecture the lecturer 
may make use of many different terms of whose meanings — 
although the words are in frequent use — the careless student 
has but a very misty conception. Upon the occurrence of each 
one of those terms the misty minded student either suffers the 



39 

matter to pass without thought, or stops to puzzle over the 
meaning while the lecturer proceeds. In any case much is lost; 
and when this goes on daily and hourly the matter is serious. 
Now, whenever such a word arises it should be scrupulously 
taken a note of; all such words being heterogeneously classified 
in a note-book by their initial letter, and the meanings attached 
only in the memory. Let there be a daily revision of this 
ineffective terminology, until the mists roll away and the 
student becomes perfectly familiar with the distinctive meaning 
of each term. In rearing the educational edifice, ideas are the 
bricks, as it were, and association the mortar, with which the 
building is constructed. To make constant use of, or hear 
constantly used in lectures, terms with which the meanings are 
not properly associated, is like building many soft bricks here 
and there into a wall ; and frequently using bad mortar, or no 
mortar at all. A wall so built is entirely unreliable ; the 
stability of even the good bricks and the good mortar being 
acutely endangered by the presence of the soft bricks and the 
bad mortar. 

To memorize, systematically, speedily, and effectively, a 
piece of composition — prose or verse — if the piece is not too 
lengthy read it over once, thoughtfully, and get a general idea 
of the piece. Then read it over a second time, jotting down 
upon a slip of paper, as you go along, the leading ideas in their 
order. In the next place, memorize this outline or chain of 
ideas ; being careful to associate the first link of the chain 
with the title of the piece, so that, afterwards, the mere mention 
of the title will serve to start in the mind the train of ideas 
representing the skeleton or outline of the piece. Having 
done all this, proceed to recall, by recollection entirely, the 
first idea of the chain ; and, without referring to the printed 
page, try to remember all that was said in connection with the 
idea. Having duly reflected upon this first idea of the chain, 
and recalled, entirely by recollection, all that can be remem- 
bered as connected with it ; refer to the printed page to sub- 
stantiate, correct, and elaborate what has been already recalled 
by recollection. Take up each idea of the outline in the same 
way, one at a time ; in each case recalling as much as possible 
by recollection before referring to the printed page. Having 
done all this, namely : — having read the piece over once, 
thoughtfully, and got a general idea of it ; having read it over 
the second time and jotted down an outline (not too elaborate) 
of it ; having memorized that outline as a chain of ideas, the 
first link of which is associated with the title; having called 
up each idea successively by recollection, and, pondering oyer 
it before referring to the printed page, thought of everything 



40 

connected with it in the composition which we found it pos- 
sible to remember — having done all this, complete the process 
by thoughtfully repeating the piece sufficiently often to cause the 
exact phraseology to cluster around the various leading ideas. 
A piece of prose or poetry, studied in this thoughtful, systematic 
way, may be committed to memory in about one-third of the 
tune usually occupied. And the piece will be more effectively 
and lastingly impressed. 



Lesson XI. — The Development of the Natural Memory. 



To assist the undeveloped memory by mnemonic appliances 
is one thing : to develop the memory is another thing. As 
auxiliaries, some mnemonic methods are of value to even the 
most highly developed memory : but no system of memory 
really worthy of the name will be confined to merely aiding 
the undeveloped faculty, giving no attention whatever to the 
matter of natural development. It is frequently asserted, with 
considerable dogmatism, by persons who know very little 
about the matter, that all that is necessary to develop the 
memory to the highest pitch is practice — mere practice. 
Practice is, indeed, the fundamental process essential to 
development : not mere practice, however, but practice of the 
proper kind. 

To effectively develop the memory we should make an 
especial point to deal with the faculty from the recollective side. 
The systematic setting apart of an hour, or so, of every 
evening, during which to recall, without any aid. from notes, 
the incidents of the day, is an excellent exercise ; and persons 
have been known to develop the memory very satisfactorily 
by that means alone. Although it may not be possible to recall 
much at first, in course of time whole conversations may be 
remembered, names of persons met with, items of expenditure 
made, etc., etc. When a lecture, a sermon, or a speech, has 
been listened to, a portion of time should invariably be set 
apart in which to recall the substance, and the order, to 
memory. In the beginning — to make the original impression 
while the lecture, speech, or sermon is being listened to — 
Fixed Ideas may be employed with advantage, as an aid ; but, 
as the mind becomes more alert and powerful in receiving and 
storing impressions, the use of Fixed Ideas should be gradually 



41 

diminished. A systematic dealing with the memory from the 
recollective side will have a powerful reflex action upon atten- 
tion and reception. 

The remembrance of words of all kinds. In Lesson I., in 
showing how to remember a series of words by the process of 
that Lesson, we asked the learner to bestow no particular 
attention upon the mere word, but to call up before the mind's 
eye the image of the object represented by the word. Now, 
however, as a part of the process of developing the memory 
for words, the learner will deliberately call up the image of the 
word itself. To develop a ready memory for words, without 
making the deliberate associations employed in previous Les- 
sons, begin with a single word. Write down one word upon a 
piece of paper, look at the word for a moment, then, turning 
the eyes away from the paper, recall the image of the word as 
it was seen upon the paper. Having done so, pronounce or 
sound the word ; and momentarily think of the idea it repre- 
sents. See the word, sound it, and think of the idea. In 
making the first impression, do not look at the word repeatedly, 
but only once. In the beginning, let the learner recall the 
image of the word at intervals throughout the day, sound the 
word, and think of the idea : but repetition, other than 
repetition exclusively by recollection, is not to be employed. 
In taking the next step, write down two words, recall the 
images of the words, sound the words, and momentarily think 
of the ideas : recalling the whole at intervals, afterwards, by 
recollection exclusively. Next, write down three words, then 
four, then five, and so on ; continuing the exercise progressively 
till such time as a series of words can be readily remembered 
by a single reading. As skill is acquired, the threefold pro- 
cess of recalling the images of the words, pronouncing the 
words, and thinking of the ideas, will be gradually trans- 
formed into an instantaneous and undivided operation of 
the mind. There will always be an instinctive tendency to 
make associations on the lines laid down in previous 
Lessons, but such associations should not be deliberately 
sought for. 

The power to remember and reproduce images of words is a 
power which is latent in every mind, although seldom found 
very highly developed. When we read a word at sight, with- 
out laboriously spelling it out letter by letter, the memory of 
word-images is present. When, doubtful as to the correct 
spelling of a word, we instinctively write the word down, and 
tell from its appearance whether it is properly spelt, the mem- 
ory of word-images is brought directly into requisition. The 
same memory faculty is also involved when we distinguish 



42 

between virions; familiar handwritings. To appreciably de- 
velop the memory for word-images, however, requires time 
and judicious practice. 

In the matter of numbers, the use of words containing 
numerical letters and conveying strikingly distinctive ideas is 
of verv great efficacy as an aid to memory ; and is of value, as 
an auxiliary or reinforcement, even to persons possessing good 
figure memorv. But the use of words for numbers, although a 
rlevice capable of a wide application, does not afford complete 
power in the matter of the remembrance of numerals. It is 
impracticable, for instance, to make use of numerical words in 
such a thing as the remembrance of prices constantly fluctuat- 
ing. To deal practically with such matters a figure memory 
must be developed. 

To develop a figure memory, commence by writing down 
one number composed of two or three figures — or, if necessary, 
of only one figure. Look at the number for a moment ; put 
the paper aside ; and before " the mind's eye " recall the image 
of the number. Next, speak the number aloud ; and follow 
by thinking momentarily, and as distinctively as possible, of 
the numerical idea. Just as in the case of words, write the 
number down, look at it for a moment, and then, turning 
aside, see it, sound it, and think of the idea. Next time take 
two numbers, next three, next four, and so on, progressively : 
continuing the course of training till able, by reading over a 
series of numbers but once, to give them easily and correctly 
from memory. 

Lest, however, the undesirable habit be acquired of inability 
to deal with words, or with numbers, apart from audible sound 
(as in the case of persons who cannot read a book without 
reading aloud, or mumbling the words as they go along), the 
practice of sounding aloud the name of the word, or the name 
of the number, should be discontinued after a time ; and the 
name pronounced mentally only. At the first glance, it may, 
perhaps, seem absurd to some to speak of sounding silently the 
name of a word or of a number, but it is not really absurd : we 
express the same idea when, for instance, thinking of heavenly 
angels, we say, reflectively, although perfect silence reigns : 
" I hear their gentle voices singing ! M 

To develop the memory for musical compositions begin with 
a single note, if necessary, and progress as in the case of words 
or of numbers. 

In geography, map-drawing is invaluable as a means of con- 
centrating the attention and impressing the memory through 
the medium of the bodily eye. The fact should be recognized, 
however, that a map — like a word or a numeral figure — is a 



43 

mere artificial sign or symbol, or an arrangement of artificial 
signs or symbols. 

Dulness of the various senses is frequently induced, not by 
any organic defect, but simply by a sleepy habit of mind — by 
inattention. And the effect may be overcome by removing the 
cause. The hearing, for instance, may, in many cases, be 
restored and re-established by a patient, systematic training 
course of progressive practice. Begin by hanging a watch in a 
corridor or other suitable place ; retiring to the extreme dis- 
tance at which the ticking can be distinctly heard ; and listen- 
ing intently from thence. Next day, hang the watch up in the 
same place, and retire a yard or so further than the distance of 
yesterday. The following day retire a yard further ; next day 
a yard further ; then a yard further ; and so on. After deal- 
ing with the hearing of simple sounds in the manner described, 
begin to introduce complexity of sound. Two simultaneous 
sounds may be taken, then three, then four, and so on ; the 
various sounds being listened to, and clearly distinguished 
from each other, at ever lengthening distance — and in ever 
shortening time, that is, until the hearing and distinguishing 
becomes the work but of a moment. Make use, also, of such 
other exercises of the hearing as ingenuity may devise, or 
environment offer. 

The remembrance of materia medica, as of sundry other 
things, requires great labor and patience, no matter what method 
of study be pursued. The remembrance of materia medica, 
however, may be best and most interestingly accomplished, not 
by taking up, in an isolated manner, one drug at a time, and 
endeavoring to remember the particulars by mere repetition ; 
but by taking two drugs, or more, at a time, and systematically 
comparing the symptoms of one drug, in its action upon a par- 
ticular part of the body, with the symptoms of the other drug, 
in its action upon the same part of the body. Not only drugs 
with strikingly analogous or opposite properties may be so 
studied together, symptom by symptom, but other drugs as 
well — any drugs. 

Let the student provide himself with a number of slips of 
paper, or of thin card-board (card-board is best), of uniform 
size; and begin, for instance, with Arsenic and Belladonna. If, 
for example, he is dealing with the symptoms of the Face, he 
will read — not several times, but only once, thoughtfully — the 
first facial symptom of arsenic : he will then pause and recall 
it from memory ; visualizing the appearance of the symptom 
wherever possible, that is, seeing the manifestation through the 
mind's eye ; then, finally, he will write the symptom upon one 
of the slips, without giving any indication, on the face of the 



44 

slip. o( the name of the drug to which the symptom refers. The 
name of the drug, however, must be written upon the back of 
the slip, or card. Having done all this, the student will turn 
to belladonna, and, reading over the facial symptoms once, 
observe any symptom analogous or opposite to the symptom of 
arsenic ; visualizing it where possible, then writing it down 
upon a separate slip or card, and indorsing the name of the 
drug upon the back of the card. Let every symptom which 
lias to be remembered be dealt with in a similar manner, as 
far as possible ; and be written by itself upon a separate card. 
When the two or more drugs have been studied throughout, in 
the way described, let the student shuffle his symptoms, so to 
speak, mixing all the cards together, heterogeneously. The 
student then takes the first card, and, reading the descrip- 
tion of the symptom, says : " Ah, yes ! This is a symptom of 
belladonna. Stomach." Having placed the card by itself upon 
the table (or a pigeon-holed box may be constructed for the 
purpose of this practice), the next card will be taken up ; and, 
having read the symptom, the student will say : "And this is 
a symptom of arsenic. Face." As one by one the promis- 
cuous cards are read over, they will be laid away in their proper 
place ; all the belladonnas by themselves, all the arsenics by 
themselves, and so on. Then let all the cards that have been 
placed together as containing symptoms of belladonna be taken 
up, and the backs of the cards (whereon the name of the drug 
has been previously written) examined, that it may be ascer- 
tained whether any error has been committed, and a symptom 
of arsenic, for instance, mistaken for a symptom of belladonna. 

The various symptoms of each drug may also be mixed 
together in the same way ; the student then going over the 
promiscuous cards, and classifying the symptoms under Ears, 
Xose, Face, Mouth, Throat, Stomach, etc. 

To remember proper names in conjunction with faces, so as 
to be able to recognize persons previously met with and readily 
call them by name ; if the learner does not possess, to start 
with, a good memory for faces, attention must, in the first 
instance, be devoted to the development of that latent power. 
Begin the course of training by looking suddenly at a strange 
face ; and then, turning away, call up the image before the 
mind's eye ; not only at the time, but at intervals throughout 
the day. Continue this exercise with other faces, but with 
only one at a time, until the power be acquired of calling up a 
very clear and distinctive image of a strange face which has 
been seen but once. Then take two new faces, one after 
the other, calling up the images of both, and reproducing 
the images at intervals throughout several days. Next take 



45 

three faces, one after the other ; then four, then five. When 
the power has been acquired of looking, in the course of a 
single day, at six or seven strange faces, taken at random ; 
receiving, at one view, a vivid impression of each ; and calling 
up, with ease, clear and distinctive images of all of them ; pro- 
ceed to practice the calling up of the image, not of the face 
only, but of the whole person, giving special attention, how- 
ever, to the face. Having practised doing so for a time, pro- 
ceed to deal with names. Qn being introduced to a person 
whose personality and name it is desired to remember, look 
observantly at the person, and be at pains to get the name 
correctly. Take the first opportunity thereafter to write the 
name in a book kept for the purpose ; and, reading the name 
daily, then every other day, then once in three days, and so 
on, invariably conjure up, in connection with it, the image of 
the personality and especially of the face ; in each case, also, 
momentarily recalling the time, place, and circumstances of 
meeting. Let the memory keep pace with the swelling of the list 
of names, so that, when, at stated intervals, the names are pri- 
vately reviewed, each name instantly brings up before the 
mind its distinctive image of personality and train of attendant 
circumstance. If the name be thus distinctively associated 
with a correct and clear mental image of the person ; upon that 
person, on some future day, presenting himself or herself be- 
fore us, recognition will be instantaneous, and the name, also, 
will be recalled. When sufficient skill in remembering faces 
and names has been acquired, the names of persons need no 
longer be taken a note of. Meanwhile, however, a name that 
is worth remembering is worth taking a note of. 



Lesson XII. — Mastering the Contents of a Book, 



At the beginning of these Lessons it was incidentally re- 
marked that thought, reflection, actual study, perform, in regard 
to our mental food, an office similar to that performed toward 
our bodily food by mastication and digestion. The fact can- 
not be too prominently borne in mind, that, in <4 study," it is 
only what we take up thoughtfully and reflect upon — not what 
we take up superficially, mechanically, thoughtlessly, per- 
functorily — that passes, as it were, into the mental system, and 
becomes a part and portion of our stock of actual knowledge ; 
a part and portion of ourselves. 



46 

In civilized society, no one who has arrived at years of dis- 
cretion requites to he informed that it is neither seemly nor 
sensible, upon sitting clown to table, to seize upon a number of 
different articles of food and hastily stuff the mouth beyond its 
proper capacity. It is to be feared, however, that, in partaking 
of mental food in the act of " study," civilized society, as a 
rule, does this very thing ! In mastering the contents of an 
ordinary sentence, constructed of several parts, elements, or 
ideas, instead of hastily crowding the whole structure into the 
mental mouth at once, let it be disposed of by seemly bites, 
so to speak. Here is a sentence— a definition : " Osteology is 
a subdivision of general anatomy, describing the number, form, 
structure, and uses of the bones. " 

Now, instead of repeating this sentence from beginning to 
end, in a more or less mechanical way, a great many times, in 
order to thoroughly master and digest it, and remember it ver- 
batim y — instead of employing the principle of repetition in that 
way, it is better to employ repetition in the following manner ; 
taking up the sentence constructively, by presenting to the 
mind, for due reflection, one idea at a time. Thus : Oste- 
ology is. Now here is a simple idea upon which reflection may 
be had for a moment ; and it is an idea, moreover, which will 
impress the mind with a sense of incompleteness, awakening 
interest or curiosity, and causing the mind to assume an inter- 
rogatory attitude. And when the mind has been induced to 
assume an interrogatory attitude a great advantage has been 
gained ; for an idea presented to the mind in satisfaction, or 
partial satisfaction, of the mental hunger manifested by an in- 
terrogatory attitude will be readily grasped, digested, and 
assimilated. Take up the sentence, idea by idea, duly placing 
the emphasis of reflection upon each idea in turn, as follows : 
Osteology is. Osteology is a subdivision. Osteology is a sub- 
division of anatomy. Osteology is a subdivision of general 
anatomy. Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy de- 
scribing. Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy de- 
scribing the bones. Osteology is a subdivision of general anat- 
omy describing the number of the bones. Osteology is a sub- 
division of general anatomy describing the number and form 
of the bones. Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy 
i ibing the number, form, and structure of the bones. Oste- 
ology is a subdivision of general anatomy describing the num- 
ber, form, structure, and uses of the bones. 

Ill order to still more perfectly digest all the ideas of the 
sentence, and still more effectively impress it verbatim upon 
the memory, it may next be treated interrogatively, thus : 
What is the name of that branch of science which is a 



47 

subdivision of general anatomy, describing the number, form, 
structure, and uses of the bones ? Osteology is a subdivision 
of general anatomy, describing the number, form, structure, 
and uses of the bones. Is osteology an obsolete study 
of the past, or is it regarded as a subdivision of anatomy 
at the present time? Osteology is a subdivision of general 
anatomy, describing the number, form, structure, and uses of the 
bones. What word would seem to indicate that osteology may 
not be the only subdivision of general anatomy ? Osteology is 
a subdivision of general anatomy, describing the number, form, 
structure, and uses of the bones. What is said of osteology 
which indicates its relation to general anatomy ? Osteology is a 
subdivision of general anatomy, describing the number, form, 
structure, and uses of the bones. Of what is osteology a sub- 
division ? Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy, de- 
scribing the number, form, structure, and uses of the bones. Of 
what anatomy is osteology a subdivision ? Osteology is a sub- 
division of general anatomy, describing the number, form, 
structure, and uses of the bones. What function is performed 
by osteology ? Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy 
describing the number, form, structure, and uses of the bones. 
What does osteology describe? Osteology is a subdivision of 
general anatomy, describing the number, form, structure, and 
uses of the bones. What particular thing relative to the bones 
does osteology describe ? Osteology is a subdivision of general 
anatomy, describing the number, form, structure, and uses of 
the bones. What besides the number of the bones does osteol- 
ogy describe ? Osteology is a subdivision of general anatomy, 
describing the number, form, structure, and uses of the bones. 
What besides number and form does osteology describe ? Oste- 
ology is a subdivision of general anatomy, describing the num- 
ber, form, structure, and uses of the bones. What besides num- 
ber, form, and structure does osteology describe ? Osteology 
is a subdivision of general anatomy, describing the number, 
form, structure, and uses of the bones.* 

In treating a sentence by the interrogative process just 
illustrated, every idea may be brought out in turn ; or only 
such ideas as have not been already digested and assimilated 
(and therefore have not already become a part and portion of 
our stock of actual knowledge) may be given the emphasis of 
distinctive interrogation. 

* Although, in dealing with the remembrance of sentences, parts of sentences, 
or lines of verse, the present author had, to some extent, previously employed 
the interrogative method of analysis here illustrated, he first met with the elab- 
orate application of the principle in A Brief English Grammar \ by Stephen W. 
Clark, 1876. Published by A. S. Raines & Co., New York. 



48 

And now, in conclusion, we pass on to consider the matter 
of mastering the contents of a book. Of course the student 
who is actually engaged in a course of study will apply the 
following method to the mastery of the studies which he has 
on hand ; but persons having no special study on hand will do 
well to take up some instructive book, for the purpose of apply- 
ing the method to the mastery of its contents. The study of 
suitable books, in the manner to be presently described, will 
incidentally afford the very best kind of memory training. 
Such study will be effective in thoroughly eradicating the 
mind-wandering habit, and in developing the natural memory 
to the highest pitch. 

Before beginning, let the student look at the closed book, 
as it lies before him on the table, or as he holds it in his hand, 
and settle a very important preliminary question. He may 
address the book in this way : " Now, Book, here we are — 
You and I — face to face. Which of us is going to achieve the 
mastery? Are you going to master me ? or am I going to mas- 
ter you ? " If the " student " decides that he wont fight, but 
will allow the Book to master him without putting itself to any 
inconvenience, we have to say " good day " to that " student." 
This Lesson is not designed for him. If, however, the student 
manfully decides that he will fight ; and declares, with spirit : 
" I will master the Book ! " let him get ready for business by 
providing himself with two notebooks — one for rough notes 
not designed to be kept, the other for carefully written notes 
intended to be preserved. 

Now begin at the beginning of the Book. Take up the first 
paragraph and read it over thoughtfully — how many times ? 
Two, three, four, five, six times ? No. Read it but ONCE. 
And, having read it but once, pause, reflect, and recall 
the substance of the .paragraph from memory ; jotting down 
upon the rough notebook, entirely from recollection, a brief 
synopsis of the paragraph, indicating each idea by a single 
word. This done, turn to tne open book and compare what 
you have written with what you read in the paragraph ; partic- 
ularly pondering over any blunder you may find you have 
committed. Now take the fine notebook, and therein represent 
by a separate, carefully, written question, every item that, pre- 
vious to reading the paragraph, was not in reality an integral 
part and portion of your stock of actual, available knowledge. 
Jn other words, write down separate questions representing 
everything that is new to you, or that is not well known. Be 
careful, however, in framing the questions, not to give even 
the slightest indication, in the question, of what the answer 
should be ; since the questions are always to be answered 



49 

entirely from memory. Do not leave a paragraph to proceed 
to the next until you can readily and correctly answer every 
question in your notebook relating to the paragraph which has 
been read. Of course, if the beginner finds whole paragraphs 
to be beyond his capacity, he may take up, each time, a por- 
tion of a paragraph. While being careful not to take too little, 
take no more than can be recalled fairly well after a single 
reading. Do not be tempted to relapse into the enfeebling 
habit of reading a piece of matter a number of times before 
pausing to reflect upon it and recall its substance to mind by 
recollection. Such an application is not a proper application of 
the principle of repetition. 

Proceed in the manner which has been described through 
the whole chapter, and through the whole book ; making such 
Abstracts as may be desirable ; and judiciously utilizing, wher- 
ever available, the -varied instruction which has been given in 
this series of Lessons. 

If proper methods of study be applied in any proper course 
of study, no student will be required to resort to the barbarity 
of "burning midnight oil." The day is the time for work : the 
night is the time for rest. The great desideratum is a sound 
mind in a sound body : and to attain this end we must work in 
harmony with the righteous laws of our being. Conserve and 
promote the bodily health. Exercise the mind by rightly think- 
ing for yourself. Be disciplined and orderly in personal habits. 
Take sufficient sleep. Breathe pure air. 



' 



APPENDIX. 



PHONETIC VOCABULARY OF NOUNS AND 
ADJECTIVES. 



Many adjectives not printed in this Appendix — adjectives ending in y, and of 
Line numerical value as their nouns which are printed — may be formed from 
such Qouns ; examples, wit, witty; dusk, dusky; ice, icy. Moreover, many words 
given as nouns may be used as adjectives : examples, wise, waste, sane, hollow. 

Nouns by adding s in the plural have their numerical value increased ; thus, 
arrow, 4, arrows, 40 ; jewel, 65, jewels, 650. 



00. Ice-house, oasis, sauce, seesaw, size. 0. Ace, ass, assay, 
ease, essay, eyes, haze, hiss, hose, house, huzzy, huzza, ice, ooze, 
saw, say, sea, sigh, sway, use, whiz, wise, woes. 1. Acid, adieu, 
aid, aide, asset, city, day, dew, die, dough, due, dye, eddy, haste, 
hate, head, heat, heath, heed, height, hit, hod, hood, hut, idea, 
oath, ode, seat, seed, set, settee, soot, sot, stew, suet, suit, sweat, 
tea, tie, toy, waist, wait, waste, weed, weight, wheat, whist, 
widow, wit, wood, yacht, youth, zest. Haughty, hot, odd, sad, 
sweet, used, weighed, wet, wide. 2. Ennui, hen, hone, hyena, 
hyson, inn, knee, neigh, sane, scene, scion, season, seine, senna, 
sign, sinew, snow, son, sun, swain, swan, swine, swoon, wane, 
wen, whin, whine, wine, yawn, zone. New, wan. 3. Ahem, aim, 
asthma, ham, hame, hem, hum, hymn, maw, moa, mow, psalm, 
schism, seam, seamew, sum, swim, whim, yam, same, some. 
4. Aerie, air, area, arras, array, arrow, assayer, assessor, czar, ear, 
era, hair, hare, heir, hero, hewer, hire, hour, hurry, hussar, ire, 
oar, ore, ray, roe, row, rye, seer, sewer, sorrow, sower, user, 
war, ware, weigher, weir, wherry, wire, wooer, worry, year. 
Aware, awry, hoar, hoary, raw, sear, sorry, sour, wary, weary, 
wry. 5. Aisle, ale, alley, alloy, ally, cell, easel, eel, hail, hall, 
halo, heel, hole, hollow, holly, howl, hull, isle, law, lea, lie, 
lye, oil, owl, sail, sale, seal, sleigh, soil, sole, solo, swallow, 
swell, swill, wail, wall, weal, weasel, well, whale, wheel, wile, 
will, willow, wool, yawl, yell, zeal. Hale, hilly, ill, lay, low, 
sallow, silly, slow, sly, sole, well, whole. 6. Age, ash, edge, 
hash, hatch, hedge, hitch, hush, issue, itch, jaw, jay, Jew, joy, 
sage, sash, sedge, siege, shoe, show, switch, usage, wage, wash, 

50 



51 

wedge, wish, witch. Huge, shy, wheyish. 7. Ache, ague, cow, 
cue, echo, egg, hack, hag, hawk, hissing, hock, hog, hook, hug, 
husk, key, quay, queue, sack, sago, sake, saying, scow, sea-cow, 
sewing, sky, soak, sock, song, sowing, suing, swing, wag, wake, 
walk, whig, wick, wig, wing, yoke, yolk. Awake, coy, sick, 
weak. 8. Avowee, eve, fay, fee, foe, half, heave, hive, hoof, 
huff, oaf, ova, safe, savoy, sieve, sofa, view, vow, waif, wave, 
whiff, wife, woof, zouave. Few, heavy, safe. 9. Abbe, ape, 
asp, bay, bayou, beau, bee, bey, boa, bohea, bough, bow, boy, 
buoy, by-way, ebb, hautboy, heap, hob, hobby, hoop, hop, hope, 
hub, paw, pay, pea, pew, pie, sap, sepoy, sip, soap, sob, sop, 
soup, spa, spy, swoop, wasp, web, whip, whoop. By, happy. 
10. Adze, assets, dace, daisy, deuce, dice, dose, hostess, hot- 
house, idiocy, oats, odds, outhouse, toss, waits. Assiduous, 
dizzy, hideous, odious. 11. Acidity, assiduity, audit, date, 
dead, death, debt, deed, diet, ditty, dodo, doubt, duty, estate, 
idiot, oddity, state, statue, steed, stud, study, tattoo, thought, tidy, 
tithe, toad, toady, toddy, tooth, width, widowhood. Astute, 
doughty, dowdy, dyed, hated, heated, sedate, staid, steady, stout, 
tidy, tight, wedded, witted, wooded. 12. Dawn, dean, den, din, 
don, down, dun, heathen, iodine, satin, sedan, stain, stone, tan, 
tin, Jtine, ton, tone, town, tun, tune, twin, twine. Done, dun, 
oaten, stony, sudden, tawny, thin, tiny, wheaten, wooden. 
13. Atom, autumn, dam, dame, dime, dome, doom, esteem, 
idiom, item, odium, sodium, steam, stem, system, team, theme, 
thumb, thyme, time, tome, wisdom, zootomy. Demi, dim, dumb, 
tame. 14. Adder, aider, attire, author, cider, citer, dairy, 
dare, deer, diary, doer, door, dower, dowry, draw, drawee, 
dray, dyer, eater, eider, estuary, ether, hater, hatter, header, 
heater, heather, hider, high-water, history, hydra, odor, otter, 
oyster, satire, setter, sitter, star, stare, steer, stir, store, story, 
straw, suitor, tar, tare, tear, theory, throe, throw, tiara, tier, tire, 
tory, tour, tower, tray, tree, trio, tyro, wader, waiter, waster, 
water, weather, weeder, wether, wheat-ear, widower. Austere, 
dear, dire, dry, outer, thorough, true, utter. 15. Dale, deal, 
delay, dell, dial, dole, doll, duel, hotel, huddle, ideal, idyl, out- 
law, outlay, saddle, settle, stall, steal, steel, stile, still, stole, 
stool, style, tail, tale, tallow, tally, tile, till, toil, toll, tool, towel, 
twill, waddle. Daily, dual, dull, hostile, idle, sightly, stale, 
still, subtle, suicidal, tall, whitely. 16. Adage, attache, dash, 
dish, dodge, duchy, Dutch, hostage, stage, stitch, stowage, 
thatch, tissue, touch, towage, twitch, whitewash. Sottish, 
sweetish, toyish, wettish. 17. Aiding, adding, attack, attic, 
awaiting, decay, deck, decoy, dike, dock, dog, doing, duck, 
duke, dying, eating, ethic, haddock, headache, heading, heating, 
hiding, hitting, hooting, outing, seating, seething, setting, siding, 



52 

sitting, soothing, stack, stag, stake, stalk, steak, stewing, stick, 
sting, stock, stook, stoic, stowing, stucco, suiting, sweating, tack, 
tag, take, talk, thawing, thing, thong, thug, tick, tong, tongue, 
toying, tuck, tug, twig, tying, wadding, wading, waiting, wasting, 
weed hook, weeding, whiteoak, whiting, yachting, zodiac. As- 
cetic, awaiting, seceding, thick. 18. Dive, dove, staff, stave, 
stove, stuff, taffy, thief. Deaf, stiff, tough. 19. Daub, debut, 
deep, depot, dip, dupe, stab, steep, step, steppe, stoop, stop, 
stub, tabby, tap, tape, tip, top, tube, type. 20. Anise, easi- 
ness, essence, gneiss, henhouse, niece, news, noise, nose, ounce, 
sauciness, science, sense, sneeze, wiseness. Heinous, nice, 
noisy, sinuous, uneasy, unwise. 21. Annuity, ant, ascent, as- 
sent, aunt, cent, end, gnat, hand, haunt, hind, hint, hound, 
hunt, knight, knot, knout, naiad, need, newt, night, nod, note, 
nut, saint, sand, sanity, scent, senate, sonata, sonnet, snood, 
snout, sound, Sunday, synod, unit, unity, wand, want, wind, 
window, wont, wound, zenith. Innate, naughty, neat, sinewed, 
sound, unawed, undue. 22. Ninny, noon, noun, onion, 
union. Inane, known, unhewn. 23. Enemy, name, zoonomy. 
Numb. 24. Annoyer, gnawer, honor, new-year, owner, senior, 
sinner, snare, sneer, whiner, winner, winnower, yawner. Inner, 
narrow, near, newer, unwary, unweary. 25. Annual, inlay, 
knell, knoll, nail, snail. Null, only, unholy, unwell. 26. 
Haunch, hinge, hunch, inch, notch, winch. Swinish. 27. 
Awning, cynic, knack, knock, nag, neck, neighing, nick, nook, 
seasoning, sneak, swooning, whining, winning, winnowing, 
yawning. Annoying, knowing, snug, unique, waning. 28. 
Envoy, envy, knave, nave, navvy, navy, nephew, snuff. Enough. 
29. Nap, nape, nib, nip, snap, snip, snipe, snob. Knobby, neap, 
unhappy. 30. Alms, isthmus, mace, maize, mass, maze, mess, 
ineuse, mews, mice, miss, moss, mouse, muse, muss, whimsey. 
31. Amity, emmet, maid, mat, mate, mayday, mead, meat, 
meed, meet, middy, midway, might, mite, moat, mode, moiety, 
mood, moth, mote, motto, mouth, mud, mute, myth, smith, 
summit. Humid, mad, mid, smooth. 32. Highwayman, 
man, main, mane, manna, men, mine, minnow, moan, money, 
omen, yeoman. Human, humane, many, mean. 33. Imaum, 
maim, mamma, mime, mome, mum, simoom, whimwham. 34. 
Amour, emery, emir, humour, maori, mare, marrow, mayor, 
pure, mohair, moor, morrow, mower, myrrh, summary, summer, 
swimmer. Mere, merry, more, smeary. 35. Homily, mail, 
male, mall, meal, mile, mole, mule, mull, simile, smell, smile. 
Homely, mellow, seemly, small. 36. Homage, image, magi, 
rnash, match, mesh, midge, smash. Much, mushy. 37. 
Hammock, hemming, humming, make, mica, mewing, mock, 
mowing, muck, mug, smack, smoke, swimming, Assuming, 



53 

meek, seeming, smoky. 38. Mauve, miff, move. 39. Hemp, 
hump, imp, mob, mop, mope, swamp. 40. Hearsay, hearse, 
heiress, heresy, race, rice, rise, rose, ruse, scissors, series, source, 
warehouse, wares. Hoarse, racy, serious, worse. 41. Art, 
award, earth, errata, hazard, heart, hearth, herd, hoard, horde, 
hurt, rat, rate, right, reed, riot, rite, rod, rood, root, rout, route, 
rut, sort, surety, sward, sword, ward, wart, word, worth, wrath, 
wreath, writ, yard. Arid, hard, hardy, highwrought, horrid, 
ready, ruddy, rude, swarthy, wayward, wearied, wroth, wrought. 

42. Arena, czarina, heroine, horn, iron, irony, rain, reign, rein, 
ruin, run, runaway, urn, warren, yarn. Serene, sworn, worn. 

43. Arm, aroma, harem, harm, ram, ream, rhyme, rim, Rome, 
room, rum, swarm, worm. Warm. 44. Arrear, aurora, error, 
harrier, hearer, hirer, horror, rear, roar, rower, swearer, warrior, 
wearer. Rare. 45. Airhole, earl, reel, relay, rill, role, roll, 
rule, whirl. Aerial, early, hourly, oral, real, royal, surly, yearly. 
46. Arch, rage, rash, ratio, reach, rich, ridge, roach, rouge, 
rush, search, surge, wretch. Harsh, sourish. 47. Airing, ark, 
earwig, harangue, hearing, herring, rack, rag, rake, reek, 
ring, rogue, rook, rug, swearing, work, wreck. Harrowing, 
heroic, rocky. 48. Reef, reeve, review, rough, ruff, seraph, serf, 
surf, survey, wharf. 49. Harp, harpy, herb, orb, rabbi, rib, 
robe, rub, sirup, warp, wrap. Ripe, ropy. 50. Alehouse, aloes, 
lace, lassoo, lease, lessee, loss, slice, sluice, solace. Lazy, less, 
loose, useless, wayless, zealous. 51. Assault, elite, eyelet, 
eye-lid, halt, health, hilt, hold, holiday, household, iliad, islet, 
lad, lade, lady, laity, lath, lathe, laud, let, lid, light, load, loot, 
lot, lout, lute, owlet, salad, salt, salute, slat, slate, sled, sleet, 
slide, slight, slit, sloth, wallet, wealth, welt, wold, yield, zealot. 
Late, lewd, lithe, loath, loud, old, solid, wieldy, wild. 52. 
Alien, lane, lawn, lean, lien, line, loan, loon, saloon, slain. 
Alone, lean, lone, saline, sullen, swollen, woolen. 53. Alum, 
asylum, elm, helm, lama, lamb, limb, lime, loam, salam, slime. 
Lame, slim, solemn. 54. Allayer, celery, cellar, hailer, healer, 
lair, lawyer, layer, leer, liar, lire, lore, lure, owler, sailor, salary, 
sealer, seller, slayer, slur, sweller, waylayer, whaler. Lower, 
solar. 55. Ill-will, loll, lull. Lowly, loyal. 56. Elegy, eulogy, 
eyelash, latch, leash, leech, ledge, liege, lodge, slash, sledge, 
slush, zoology. Slouchy, willowish, yellowish. 57. Allaying, 
ceiling, elk, hailing, hallooing, hallowing, hauling, healing, hil- 
lock, hollyhock, howling, hulk, lac, lack, lackey, lake, laying, 
league, leak, leek, leg, like, ling, lock, log, look, lowing, luck, lug, 
lung, lying, sailing, sealing, selling, silk, slack, slang, slaying, 
sling, slug, sulk, sullying, swallowing, swelling, wailing, wallowing, 
whaling, yelling. Sleek, willing. 58. Elf, helve, laugh, lava, 
leaf, leave, levee, levy, life, love, olive, salve, salvo, slave, sleeve, 



54 

sylph, wolf. Alive,live, 55). Alibi, elbow, help, lap, leap, lip, 
lobe, loop, lop, slab, slap, sleep, slip, sloop, slop, slope, whelp, yelp. 
Asleep, 60. Ashes, chaise, chase, chess, choice, Jewess, juice, 
wages, wash-house, watch-house. Joyous. 61. Associate, 
chat, cheat, escheat, hatchet, jade, jet, jetty, jute, shad, shade, 
sheath, shed, sheet, shoot, shot, shout. Aged, chitty, edged, 
wished. 62« Chin, China, cessation, genii, gin, jenny, ocean, 
secession, session, sheen, shin, suasion. Ashen, shiny. 63. 
Chamois, chime, chum, jam, sham, shame. 64:. Cheer, cherry, 
hedger, hedgerow, jar, jeer, jury, seizure, share, shire, shore, 
shower, shrew, usher, usury, wager, washer, watcher. Azure, 
chary, sure. 65. Chill, jelly, jewel, satchel, shale, shawl, shell, 
shoal. Agile, jolly, shallow, social, usual. 66. Chou-chou. 
Jewish, showish. 67. Chalk, check, cheek, cheque, chick, chuck, 
edging, etching, hatching, hedgehog, hedging,, jig, jockey, jog, 
joke, shake, shock, washing, watching. Choky, jaggy, shaggy. 
68. Chafe, chaff, chief, shave, sheaf, shove. 69. Chip, chop, 
gibe, jib, job, shape, sheep, shoeboy, shop. Cheap, chubby, 
shabby. 70. Case, cause, causeway, chaos, cowhouse, gas, 
gauze, goose, guess, guise, hoax, kiss, ox, squeeze, wax. Aque- 
ous, cosy. 71. Act, cadi, cat, coat, cod, code, cut, equity, 
gaiety, ghaut, goad, good, gout, guide, gut, kid, kite, quiet, scout, 
sect, skate, socket, wicket. Acute, caught, gaudy, giddy, 
hawked, hawk-eyed, hooked, husked, keyed, squat, wicked, 
winged. 72. Agony, can, cane, canoe, coin, cone, gain, gown, 
guinea, kin, kine, queen, skein, skin, wagon. Canny, gone, 
keen. 73. Calm, cameo, coma, comb, comma, game, gum, 
oakum, scheme, scum, wigwam. 74. Acre, asker, auger, 
augury, caraway, care, carry, choir, cigar, co-heir, core, crew, 
crow, cry, cur, cure, curry, equerry, esquire, euchre, gear, goer, 
gore, hanger, hawker, ochre, ogre, quarry, query, quire, scar, 
scare, score, scour, screw, seeker, singer, skewer, skurry, soaker, 
square, succour, sucker, swagger, swinger, waggery, waker, 
walker, whisker, wiseacre. Eager, grey, queer, secure, wicker. 

75. Call, caul, chyle, clay, claw, cloy, clue, coal, coil, colly, cool, 
coolie, cowl, eclat, equal, gala, gale, gall, galley, gill, glee, glow, 
glue, goal, guile, gully, hackle, haggle, icicle, kale, keel, keyhole, 
kill, kiln, ogle, quail, quill, scale, school, scowl, seagull, sequel, 
sickle, skill, skull, squall, squeal. Sickly, ugly, weakly, weekly. 

76. Cage, cassia, coach, couch, gash, gauge, gouge, gush, hog- 
wash, quayage, sketch. Haggish, hoggish, sickish, waggish, 
whiggish. 77. Aching, asking, awaking, cake, caulk, cock, 
cocoa, cog, coke, cooing, cook, cuckoo, echoing, egging, gag, 
gang, gawk, geegaw, gig, going, gong, gowk, hacking, hanging, 
hawking, hooking, hugging, husking, ink, keg, kick, quack, 
quake, quick, sacking, seeking, singing, soaking, squeak, sucking, 



55 

swinging, whisking, wagging, waking, walking, yankee. 78. 
Cafe, calf, coffee, cough, cove, covey, cuff, scoff, skiff. 79 
Cab, cap, cob, coop, copy, cub, cube, cup, escape, gap, gape, 
go-by, hiccup, keep, scoop, scope, squib. 80. Eaves, face, fez, 
fizz, fosse, fuse, fusee, fuss, heaves, hives, office, phase, vice, 
« voice, wives. 81. Faith, fat, fate, feat, feed, feet, feud, fight, fit, 
food, foot, haft, safety, sauvity, veto, void, vote, zoophyte. 
Afoot, avowed, ivied, soft, swift. 82. Avenue, euphony, fawn, 
fen, fin, fine, fun, haven, heaven, oven, savanna, savan, syphon, 
van, vane, vein, vine. Even, vain, woven. 83. Fame, fume, 
vim. 84. Affair, affray, aviary, avower, cipher, fair, fairy, fare, 
faro, fear, ferry, feuer, fir, fire, foray, fray, fry, furrow, fury, 
heifer, hover, ivory, offer, ovary, sapphire, saver, savor, sphere, 
vower, wafer, waver, weaver, zephyr. Far, fewer, fore, free, 
furry, severe, very. 85. Avail, avowal, evil, fail, fall, fallow, 
feel, fell, fellow, felloe, file, fill, filly, flaw, flay, flow, flue, foal, foil, 
folio, folly, fool, fowl, fuel, full, hovel, offal, oval, swivel, valet, 
valley, value., veal, veil, vial, villa, viol, volley, waffle, weevel. 
Awful, civil, easeful, evil, foul, useful, vile, woful. 86. Effigy, 
fetich, Figi, fuchsia, fudge, savage, vouch, voyage. Fishy, oafish. 
87. Fang, fig, folk, having, havoc, heaving, offing, saving, vogue, 
waving, weaving. Civic, foggy, vague. 88. Feoff, feof-fee, 
fief, five. 89. Fib, fob. 90. Abbacy, abbess, abuse, abyss, 
baize, base, bass, bias, boss, bouse, buzz, pace, pass, pause, 
peace, pease, piece, poesy, poise, posy, puss, space, spice. 
Bousy, busy, obese, pious. 91. Abbot, abode, apathy, bait, bat, 
bath, bead, beauty, bet, bid, bit, bite, body, boot, booth, booty, 
boyhood, bud, butt, habit, obit, opiate, pad, pate, path, pay-day, 
peat, pet, pit, piety, pith, pity, poet, pot, putty, Sabbath, spade, 
speed, spite, spot, spout. Bad, pat, petty, webbed. 92. Ban, 
bann, bane, bean, bin, bone, boon, bun, ebony, pain, pan, pane, 
pawn, pen, penny, pine, pony, pun, span, spine, spoon, weapon. 
Bonny, open, puny, supine. 93. Balm, beam, bomb, boom, 
opium, poem. Palmy. 94. Bar, barrow, bear, beer, berry, 
boar, boor, bore, borough, bower, bray, brow, bureau, burgh, 
burrow, buyer, heaper, Hebrew, ospray, pair, par, pear, peer, 
pier, poor, pore, power, prey, prow, pyre, sabre, sapper, spar, 
sparrow, spear, spire, spur, supper, sweeper, weeper, ^wiper, 
whipper, whisper. Bare, pure, sober, spare, upper. 95. Ap- 
peal, apple, bail, bale, ball, ballet, bile, bill, billet, billow, blow, 
boil, bowl, bull, by-law, hobble, obole, opal, pail, pall, peal, 
peel, pill, pillow, play, plea, plough, pole, poll, pool, pull, pulley, 
spell, spoil, spool, supply. Able, blue, pale, seizable, sizeable, 
supple, up-hill. 96. Badge, batch, beach, beech, bosh, botch, 
pacha, page, patch, peach, pitch, pouch, push, specie, speech. 
Apish, boyish, bushy, uppish, waspish. 97. Back, bag, bake, 



56 

bang, beak, beck, being, bog, buggy, bung, buying, bywalk, ebb- 
i pic, pack, peak, peg, pick, pig, pike, pique, speck, spike, 
spoke, weeping, whipping. Big. 98. Beehive, behoof, bevy, 
buff, buffet, by-view, puff. Beefy, buff. 99. Babe, baubee, bib, 
bob, booby, hubbub, papa, peep, pip, poop, pop, pope, poppy, 
pup. 100. Decease, disease, disuse, Sadducees, thesis. 101. 
Atheist, audacity, deceit, dust, outset, outside, taste, test, theist, 
toast, twist Tacit, testy. 102. Citizen, design, dozen. 103. 
Atheism, deism, dismay, theism. 104. Desire, dicer, disarray, 
dozer, howitzer, soothsayer, teaser, tosser. 105. Tassel, thistle. 
Docile. 107. Desk, disc, dozing, dusk, soothsaying, task, 
teasing, tossing, tusk. 108. Adhesive. 110. Dead-Sea. Du- 
tious, studious, tedious. 111. Attitude, statute. Debted, 
dotted, hotheaded, studied, tattooed, toothed. 112. Teuton. 
113. Daytime, diadem, seed-time, te deum, tedium. 114. 
Auditor, auditory, daughter, debtor, doubter, editor, statuary, 
stature, studier, stutter, tatter, tether, theatre, titter, tutor, twit- 
ter, wet-weather. Citatory, tawdry. 115. Citadel, detail, suit- 
at-law, tattle, title, tittle, total. Deadly, dotal, stately. 116. 
Dotage. 117. Dieting, teething, tithing, toothache. Doting, 
doubting, hesitating, idiotic. 118. Dative, sedative. 120. 
Aidance, assistance, audience, dance, dunce, hastiness, haugh- 
tiness, headiness, hotness, oddness, sadness, sootiness, stanza, 
sweetness, tansy, tennis, tense, townhouse, weightiness, wetness, 
whiteness, wideness, witness, wittiness. Dense, idoneous, tenu- 
ous. 121. Assistant, dandy, dent, dint, stand, stint, taint, 
taunt, tent, tenet, tenuity, tint. Attenuate, dainty. 122. Athe- 
nian, tannin, tenon. 123. Atheneum. 124. Deanery, dinner, 
donor, dunner, stainer, sweetener, tanner, tannery, tenor, ten- 
ure, tinner, tuner, whitener. 125. Denial, down-hill, tunnel. 
126. Danish, dunnage, stench, tench, tinge, tonnage, twinge. 
Dingy, heathenish, staunch, stingy, thinish. 127. Dining, 
stunning, tonic, tunic, whitening. Ethnic. 129. Danube. 
130. Demise. 131. Dimity, estimate, sweetmeat. Doomed, 
timid. 132. Demon, domain, hodman, ottoman, stamina, toy- 
man, woodman. 134. Demur, esteemer, stammer, tamer, 
tumour. Demure. 135. Oatmeal. 136. Damage. Dimish. 
137. Stomach. Teeming, steaming. 139. Damp, dump,- 
stamp, stump, thump, tomboy. 140. Address, dress, dross, 
stairs, stress, terce, terrace, tierce, trace, tress, trice, truce, truss, 
waterhose, withers. Drowsy, terreous, weatherwise. 141. 
Austerity, dart, dearth, dirt, dread, drought, druid, dryad, du- 
riety, Easter-day, hatred, start, steward, strait, strata, strath, 
street, stride, strut, sweetheart, tart, thread, threat, throat, trade, 
trait, tread, treat, treaty, tret, triad, trot, troth, trout, truth, 
turret, woodyard. Adroit, dowered, drouthy, outward, starred, 



57 

storied, straight, sturdy, tardy, tart, torrid, trite. 142. Attor- 
ney, cistern, citron, darn, drain, drone, setter-on, stern, strain, 
thorn, throne, tourney, train, turn, tyranny. Citrine, drawn, 
eastern, outworn, stern, western. 143. Dew-worm, drachm, 
drama, dream, drum, stream, storm, term, theorem, tram, trim. 
144. Adherer, adorer, drawer, drier, starer, steerer, stirrer,storer, 
tarrier, tearer, terrier, terror, thrower, trier, utterer, waterer. 
Drear, dreary. 145. Drawl, drill, stroll, thrall, thrill, trail, trial, 
trill, trowel, twirl. Austral, droll, easterly, ethereal, sterile, west- 
terly. 146. Dirge, ostrich, outrage, starch, steerage, stretch, 
targe, thrush, torch, trash. Waterish. 147. Attiring,daring,dark, 
dirk, drag, drake, drawing, drug, staring, stork, streak, strike, 
string, stroke, tearing, throng, track, trick, truck, Turk, Turkey. 
Daring, dark, Doric, dreggy, satiric, staring. 148. Draff, drive, 
drove, dwarf, Easter-eve, strife, tariff, trough, trophy, turf. 
149. Drab, drop, stirrup, strap, strip, stripe, throb, trap, tribe, 
trip, tripe, troop. 150. Atlas. Aidless, headless, heedless, 
sedulous, witless, weedless, weightless. 151. Adult, daylight, 
delight, dolt, hostility, outlet, sedulity, stealth, stiletto, tilt, 
toilet, utility, white-lead. 152. Italian, outline, talon. 153. 
Dilemma, white-lime. 154. Dallier, dealer, delayer, dollar, 
dueller, dweller, hostelry, idler, outlawry, stealer, sutler, tailor, 
teller, tiler, tiller, wheedler. Stellar. 156. Deluge, osteology, 
theology, tillage. Stylish. 157. Dealing, dialogue, duelling, 
dwelling, italic, outlook, seedling, settling, stealing, tilling, toil- 
ing, wedlock. Headlong, outlying. 158. Delf. 159. Tulip. 
160. Duchess. Audacious, seditious. 161. Digit, touchwood, 
woodshed. 162. Addition, adhesion, citation, dudgeon, edi- 
tion, sedition, situation, station, tuition. 164. Ditcher, stager, 
stitcher, teacher. 165. Touchhole. 167. Ditching, staging, 
teaching, touching, twitching. Dashing. 169. Toyshop. 
170. Eatinghouse, ethics, hatcase, stocks, tacks, tax. 171. 
Decade, docket, ducat, edict, etiquette, outgate, stockade, 
thicket, ticket. Adequate, dogged. 172. Deacon, setting-on, 
token. 173. Dogma, stigma. 174. Dagger, decree, degree, 
digger, duc-ker, outcry, stagger, taker, talker, tiger. 175. Dog- 
hole, dunghill, tackle. Ducal, ethical, stoical. 176. Dog- 
watch. Doggish. 177. Ducking, heathcock, oatcake, seedcake, 
stocking, taking, talking, tank, woodcock. Decaying, decoying, 
stinging. 179. Teacup. 180. Advice, device, dovehouse, 
edifice, staves. Devious, diffuse. 181. Defeat, devotee, taf- 
feta, theft, tuft. Deft, devoid, devout, stuffed. 182. Dauphin, 
divan, divine, tiffany. 184. Defier, devoir, diver, duffer, edi- 
fier, thievery. 185. Day-fly, defile, devil, odd-fellow. Hate- 
ful, heedful, wistful, youthful. 186. Deafish, thievish. 187. 
Diving, stuffing. Edifying. 190. Headpiece, topaz. Dubi- 



58 

ous, tipsy. 191. Debate, depth, debit, deputy, hotbed, teapot, 
tippet, tiptoe. Stupid, tepid. 192. Stewpan, woodbine. 194. 
Dauber, dew-berry, diaper, dipper, stabber, stupor, tabour, 
taper, tapir, tipper, topper. Dapper. 195. Stable, staple, 
steeple, stubble, table, tipple. Audible, dapple, debile, double, 
citable, edible, suitable. 196. Debauch, debauchee, stoppage. 
197, Daybook, tapping, tobacco, topic. Typic. 198. Top- 
heavy. 200. Census. 201. Honesty, inside, insight, nest, 
nicety, onset, sunset. Honest, nasty, unhoused, unset, un- 
sought, unused. 202. Ensign, insane, unison. Unseen, 
unsown. 203. Noisome, winsome. 204. Answer, censer, 
censor, sneezer, snoozer. Sincere. 205. Nozzle. Nasal. 
207. Nosegay, sneezing, unseeing. 208. Unsafe. 209. News- 
boy. 210. Handsaw, notice, senate-house. Nodous. 211. 
Entity, knighthood, nightdew, nudity. Handed, haunted, 
knitted, knotted, noted, sanded, snouted, unaided, unhealed, 
unheeded, untaught, wonted. 212. Anodyne, Indian. Un- 
done, wanton. 213. Anathema, anatomy, anthem. 211. 
Centaur, centre, century, cinder, entry, hander, haunter, hun- 
ter, knitter, nature, needer, nitre, notary, noter, senator, sender, 
sentry, sonneteer, undoer, uniter, winder, winter, wonder. 
Entire, nether, sundry, under, untrue. 215. Anthill, entail, 
handle, needle, nettle, noddle, noodle, sandal, soundhole, sun- 
dial, swindle, inutile, knightly, natal, nightly, synodal. 216. 
Nightwatch, sandwich. Sandish. 217. Antic, ending, haunt- 
ing, hunting, indigo, knitting, nothing, undoing. Antique, 
nautic, sounding, synodic, undying, unheeding, winding. 218. 
Cenotaph, native. 219. Knee-deep. 220. Annoyance, new- 
ness, nighness, oneness, wanness. 221. Inanity, inuendo, noon- 
day. Unhandy, unowned. 222. Unknown. 224. Nunnery. 
225. Son-in-law. 226. Nonage, nuncio. 227. Nooning. 231. 
Enmity, inmate. Animate, unmade. 232. Cinnamon, honey- 
moon. Inhuman. 234. Namer. 235. Animal, anomaly, en- 
amel. 238. Nymph. 240. Nurse, sunrise. Onerous,sonorous. 
241. Inroad, seniority, snort. Inert, inward, onward, unhurt, 
unread, unready, unworthy, unwrought. 244. Honourer, 
sneerer, snorer. Honorary. 245. Snarl. Unreal, unruly. 
246. Energy. 247. Anarchy, sneering, snoring. Unerring. 
248. Nerve. 249. Wainrope. Unripe. 250. Annals. Sin- 
less, sunless. 251. Inlet, nullity. Inlaid, unhealthy, unlaid, 
unwieldy. 254. Nailer. Annular. 255. Honolulu. 256. 
Analogy. 257. Weanling. Sunlike, unlike, unlucky, unwill- 
ing. 260. Nauseous, sensuous, un joyous. 261. Unshed, 
unshod, unwashed. 262. Ascension, engine, inhesion, nation, 
notion, sunshine. 264. Censure, enjoyer, injury. 265. Angel, 
essential, initial. Sensual, unusual. 267. Enjoying, gnashing, 



59 

268. Anchovy. 269. Sonship. 270. Onyx. Innocuous. 
271. Ingot, iniquity, snake-weed. Naked, uncouth, uncut, 
unquiet. 272, Sanguine. 273. Enigma, honeycomb, income. 

274. Inquiry, knocker, negro, Niagara, sinecure, sneaker. 

275. Knuckle. Cynical, unequal. 277. Sneaking, synagogue. 
279. Hencoop, syncope. 280. Invoice, novice. Envious, 
invious, niveous. 281. Novity. Envied, unfed, unfit, un- 
fought. 282. Uneven. 283. Infamy. 284. Envier, knavery, 
snuffer. Unfair. 285. Anvil, novel, snaffle. Naval, sinful. 
286. Knavish. 287. Envying. 290. Snaps. 291. Nobody. 
Inept, nibbed, unbid, unbowed, unobeyed, unpaid. 292. Hen- 
bane. 293. Sunbeam. 294. Neighbor, snapper. 295. Nib- 
ble, noble, snowball, Assignable, knowable, nubile. 296. 
Snappish. 297. Nipping. 299. Nabob. 300. Almshouse, 
misuse. 301. Homicide, mast, mist. Moist, most, mucid, 
musty. 302. Amazon, mason, mizzen. 303. Miasma, mu- 
seum. 304. Amuser, emissary, miser, misery, mouser, muser. 
305. Missal, missile, mousehole, muscle, mussel, muzzle. 
Measly. 306. Massage, message, messuage. 307. Mask, 
mosaic, mosque, music, musk. Amazing, amusing. 308. Mis- 
sive. Massive. 309. Mazeppa. 310. Madhouse, midsea. 
311. Humidity, method, mid-day. Immediate, mated, matted, 
mooted. 312. Maiden, matin, mitten, mutiny, mutton, semi- 
tone. 313. Madam, medium, sometime. 314. Cemetery, 
cimeter, madder, matter, meteor, meter, metre, mitre, mooter, 
mother, motor, mutter, smatter, simitar, smiter, smother, sym- 
metry. Amatory, mature. 315. Medal, medley, metal, middle, 
model, module, muddle, mudwall. Motley, mutual. 316. 
Modish. 317. Emetic, mattock, meeting. 318. Motive. 
320. Manes, means, menace, mince, summons. Immense, 
ominous. 321. Almond, amenity, amount, assessment, ce- 
ment, humanity, immunity, manhood, mantua, mind, mint, 
minuet, minute, monad, monody, month, mound, mount, wom- 
anhood. Maned, minute, moneyed, omened. 322. Minion. 
323. Minim, minium, monome. 324. Almoner, manner, 
manor, manure, miner, minor, seminary, summoner, yeomanry. 
325. Manual, menial. Hymenial, manly, womanly. 326. 
Manage, menage. Manish, womanish. 327. Mango, maniac, 
meaning, moaning. 330. Malmsey. 331. Home-made, 
maimed, mammoth. 332. Mammon. 334. Memoir, memory, 
mommory, mummery. 335. Mammalia. 337. Maiming, 
mimic. 339. Mump. 340. Mars, mayoress, mercy, morass, 
summer-house. Amorous, humorous, morose. 341. Mart, 
merit, mirth, myriad. Married, smart. 342. Marine, moor- 
hen, morn, murrain. 343. Mawworm. 344. Hammerer, 
marrer, mirror. 345. Marl, moral. Humoral, immoral, mural. 



GO 

346. Hemorrhage, march, marriage, marsh. Moorish. 347. 
Mark, mooring, murk, simmering, smirk. 348. Moravia. 350. 
Malice. Emulous, seamless. 351. Amulet, hamlet, humility, 
malady, mallet, malt, melody, mildew, mould, mulatto, mullet, 
omelet. Mild. 352. Melon, million. Malign. 354. Miller, 
smeller. Miliary. 355. Mole-hill, May-lily. 356. Militia, 
Mulish. 357. Hemlock, milk, smelling, smiling. 360. Im- 
ages. 361. Mashed, matched, smashed. 362. Emission, emo- 
tion, machine, mission, motion, omission. 364. Imagery, 
major, measure. 367. Magic. 370. Mucus, mug-house. 
371. Maggot. 372. Mahogany. 374. Haymaker, maker, 
mocker, mockery, smoker. Meagre. 375. Muckhill. Muckle. 
376. Mawkish, muggish. 377. Making, mocking, smoking. 
379. Magpie. 380. Mavis. 381. Mufti. 382. Muffin, sym- 
phony. 384. Mover. 387. Moving. 390. Embassy. Im- 
pious. 391. Impiety, moppet, somebody, sympathy. Empty. 
392. Hempen. 393. Wampum. 394. Amber, embryo, em- 
pire, hamper, mappery, umpire, whimper. Impure. 395. 
Assembly, cymbal, employ, maple, May-pole, sample, symbol. 
Amiable, ample, humble, mobile, simple. 396. Ambush. Imp- 
ish, mobbish. 397. Iambic, May-bug. 400. Recess. 401. 
Arrest, receipt, reset, residue, rest, roast, roost, roset, rust, 
wrist. Roseate, worst. 402. Arson, horizon, oraison, orison, 
raisin, reason, resin, rosin. 403. Heroism, resume. Weari- 
some. 404. Horse-hair, racer, raiser, razor, riser, rosary, rous- 
er, sorcery. 405. Wrestle. 406. Horseshoe. 407. Rescue, 
rising, risk. 409. Horseboy, rasp, recipe. 410. Hearts, hurds, 
radius, rights. Hazardous, riotous. 411. Aridity. Cerated, 
erudite, redhot, rooted, serrated, sordid. 412. Harridan, 
ratan, retina, retinue, warden. Certain, earthen, rotten, written. 
413. Erratum, redeem. 414. Ardour, artery, asserter, awarder, 
hardware, hoarder, orator, oratory, oratorio, order, reader, rider, 
rioter, rudder, warder, writer. Rotary. 415. Hurdle, ordeal, 
rathole, rattle, retail, riddle, ritual. Earthly, heartwhole, ra- 
dial. 416. Heritage, radish. Reddish. 417. Heartache, 
heretic, hoarding, rating, ratting, reading, riding, writing. 
Erratic. 420. Airiness, hairiness, harness, hoariness, rains, 
rawness, reins, ruins, soreness, wariness, weariness, wryness. 
Erroneous, ruinous. 421. Aeronaut, errand, hornet, ironwood, 
orient, rant, rennet, rent, rind, round, serenade, warrant, war- 
ranty. Arrant, errant, horned. 422. Renown, re-union. 
423. Surname. 424. Ironware, runner, warrener. 425. 
Renewal, runnel. 426. Orange, ranch, range, syringe, wrench. 
427. Running, warning, yearning. 429. Rainbow. 430. 
Arms, Remus, surmise. Remiss. 431. Armada, hermit, remedy, 
remit, warmth, wormwood. Remote. 432. Ceremony, ermine, 



61 

harmony, Roman, sermon. 434. Armour, rammer, roamer, 
rumour. 435. Armhole. 436. Roomage, rummage. Romish. 
437. Remake, warming. 438. Remove. 439. Romp, rump. 
440. Arrears, war-horse. 441. Rarity, reward. 442. War- 
worn. 444. Roarer. 445. Auroral, rural. 446. Arrearage. 
447. Hierarchy, rearing, re-hearing, roaring. 450. Hairlace, 
release. Earless, hairless, heirless, wareless. 451. Herald, 
reality, royalty, world. 452. Sirloin. Cerulean. 453. Heir- 
loom, realm. 454. Railer, raillery, roller, ruler. 456. Horo- 
loge, relish. 457. Hireling, railing, rallying, relic, rolling, 
warlock, yearling. Warlike, whirling. 458. Relief, werewolf. 
459. Harelip. 460. Riches. Righteous. 461. Earshot. 
Rigid, wretched. 462. Assertion, irrision, oration, origin, 
region, surgeon, urchin. 463. Regime. 464. Archer, archery, 
rasher, searcher. 467. Raging. 468. Archieve. 469. Wor- 
ship. 470. Circus, rags, workhouse. Irriguous. 471. Arcade, 
circuit, ergot, racket, rocket, surrogate, workday. Erect, 
ragged, ricketty, rugged, wrecked. 472. Hurricane, organ, 
racoon. 473. Requiem. 474. Arguer, raker, rigger, rigor, 
ringer, rocker, roguery, rookery, worker, wringer. 475. Auri- 
cle, circle, oracle, recall, recoil, regalia. Heroical, regal. 
476. Rakish, roguish. 477. Raking, rigging, working. 480. 
Orifice, refuse, service, surface. 481. Harefoot, raft, rift, 
rivet, surfeit. Reft. 482. Orphan, raven, revenue, ruffian. 
483. Seraphim. 484. Referee, revery, reviewer, river, rover, 
surveyor, warfare. 485. Arrival, raffle, revel, rifle, rival, ruffle. 
Ireful, rueful, servile. 486. Ravage, refuge, refugee, wharfage. 
487. Raving, surveying. -Horrific, seraphic. 490. Rebus, 
repose. Herbous. 491. Acerbity, orbit, rabbit, rebate, repute. 
Orbed, rabid, rapid, rapt, ribbed, warped. 492. Arabian, 
European, harpoon, rabbin, rapine, ribbon, robin. Urban. 
494. Arbour, harbour, harper, rapier, rapper, reaper, repair, 
robber, robbery, ropery, rubber, usurper, wrapper. 495. 
Cerebel, hairbell, rabble, rebel, repeal, reply, ripple, warble. 
Arable, errable, herbal, horrible. 496. Herbage, rubbish. 
497. Reaping, rebuke, roebuck, robbing. Arabic. 49 S. 
Rebuff. 500. Losses. 501. Lawsuit, list. Illicit, last, least, 
lucid, lusty, wellset. 502. Lesson. 503. Lyceum. Whole- 
some. 504. Lazar, leaser, loser, ulcer. Illusory. 505. Laz- 
uli, wholesale. 507. Woolsack. 508. Elusive, illusive. 509. 
Lisp. 510. Lattice, lettuce, lights. 511. Lady-day, solidity, 
solitude. 512. Latin, litany, sultan, sultana. Latten, leaden, 
well-done. 514. Alder, altar, elder, halter, holder, holy-water, 
ladder, lather, leader, leather, letter, lighter, litter, loader, 
lottery, saluter, slater, slaughter, slider, solder, solitaire, wall- 
tree, yielder. Later, latter, leathery, salutary, solitary, sultry. 



(32 

515. Ladle, salad-oil, swallow-tail. Little. 516. Latish, 
loutish, oldish, saltish. 517. Lading, leading, loathing, slight- 
ing, well-doing, yielding. 520. Alliance, allowance, holiness, 
hollowness, illness, lance, lens, lioness, lowness, lunacy, oiliness, 
sallowness, silence, silliness, slowness, slyness, sullenness, wiliness, 
yellowness. 521. Holland, island, land, landau, lenity, lent, 
linnet, lint, lunette, walnut. Lent, salient, silent, slant. 522. 
Linen. Leonine. 524. Linear, lunar. 525. Lineal, lonely. 
526. Launch, lineage, lunch. 527. Lining. 530. Limous. 
531. Helmet, limit. Limbed. 532. Alimony, lamina, layman, 
lemon, oilman. 538. Lymph. 539. Lamp, limbo, limp, lump. 
540. Walrus. 541. Celerity, hilarity, lard, laureate, leeward, 
lord, sailyard, wheelwright. Alert, lurid. 543. Alarm. 
544. Allurer. 545. Laurel. 546. Cellarage, larch, lurch. 
Large. 547. Lark, wheelwork. Alluring, lowering. 548. 
Larva. 550. Lawless. 551. Loyalty. Lilied. 554. Cellu- 
lar. 557. Ill-luck, soliloquy. 559. Lullaby. 560. Lieges. 
Luscious. 561. Latchet. 562. Allusion, elation, elision, 
elusion, illusion, legion, lotion, solution. Elysian. 563. Ely- 
sium, eulogium. 564. Alleger, lasher, ledger, leisure, lodger, 
soldier, soldiery, wellwisher. 567. Lodging, logic. 569. Oil- 
shop. 570. Legacy. Lax. 571. Legate, legatee, liquid, 
locket, lock-out, logwood, lookout. Elect, leagued, select. 
572. Welkin. Silken. 573. Welcome. 574. Allegory, lager, 
lagger, laquer, leaguer, liquor, locker, looker, lucre. 575. Al- 
cohol, alkali. Illegal, laical, legal, likely, local. 576. Leak- 
age, luggage. Sluggish. 577. Liking, lingo, link, longing, 
looking. 578. Alcove. 579. Lock-up. 580. Selfwise. 581. 
Left, Levite, levity, lift, loft. Leaved, livid. 582. Leaven, 
sloven. Silvan. 583. Alluvium. 584. Laugher, laver, lever, 
liver, livery, livre, loafer, lover, salver, silver, slaver, slavery, 
sulphur, welfare. Life-weary. 585. Level, self-will. Alluvial, 
lawful, lively, lovely, wailful, wilful. 586. Salvage, selvage. 
Lavish, selfish, slavish, wolfish. 587. Laughing, living, loving. 
589. Life-buoy. 590. Alps, heel-piece, lapse, syllabus. 591. 
Halibut, lappet. Lipped, lopped. 592. Lupine, whalebone. 
Alpine, lupine. 593. Album. 594. Aleberry, helper, labor, 
leaper, leapyear, leper, lopper, lubber, sleeper, slipper, wheel- 
barrow. Slippery. 595. Label, libel, loophole, syllable. 
Allowable, labial, liable, saleable, soluble. 597. Helping, lap- 
wing, well-being, woolpack, yelping. 599. Sillabub. 601. 
Chest, gist, jest, Jesuit, joist. Chaste, just. 602. Chosen. 
004. Chaser, chasseur, chooser. 605. Chisel. 607. Chasing, 
choosing. (ill. Jaded, shaded, sheathed. 614. Chatter, 
cheater, chider, shatter, shedder, shooter, shouter, shudder, 
shutter, watchtower. 615. Chattel, schedule, shuttle. 616- 



63 

Jadish. 617. Chatting, cheating, chiding, shadowing, shedding, 
sheeting, shooting, shutting. Judaic. 619. Washtub. 620. 
Agency, chance, genius, hugeness, sageness, shyness. 621. 
Agent, chant, gent, giant, jaunt, joint, junto. 622. Genuine. 
624. Chinaware, joiner, junior, 625. Channel. Genial. 
626. Change. 627. Chaining, shining, shunning. 628. Geneva. 
632. Chimney, gemini, hushmoney, watchman. 634. Sham- 
mer. 637. Chiming. 639. Jump. 640. Jersey, shares, 
shears, sheers. Usurious. 641. Charade, chariot, charity, 
chart, shirt, shred, shroud, watchword. Assured, short, shrewd. 
642. Churn, journey, shrine, sojourn. Shorn. 643. Charm, 
germ. 644. Assurer, jeerer, juror, sharer, shearer, usurer. 
645. Churl. Shrill. 646. Charge, church. 647. Chairing, 
cheering, jarring, jerk, sharing, shark, shearing, shriek, shrug. 
648. Sheriff, shrive. 649. Cherub, chirp, chirrup, shrub. 
Sharp. 650. Chalice, jealousy. Jealous, joyless. 651. 
Agility, child, jilt, jollity, jolt, shield, watchlight. 654. Jailer, 
jeweller. 656. Geology. 657. Shilling. 658. Shelf. Shelvv. 
659. Jalap, julep, shallop. 662. Association. Jejune. 667. 
Judging. 670. Jackass, watchcase. Jocose. 671. Chick- 
weed, jackdaw, jacket, she-goat. 672. Chicane, chicken. 
674. Checker, jogger, joker, shaker, sugar. 675. Chuckle, 
jackal, juggle, shackle. 677. Chink, chunk, junk, shaking. 
680. Chives, sheaves. 681. Shaft. 681. Achiever, chafer, 
chaffer, shaver, shiver, shover. 685. Shovel, shuffle. Jovial, 
joyful, watchful, wishful. 687. Shaving. 690. Chophouse, 
gipsy. 691. Gibbet. Shaped. 692. Japan. 694. Giber, 
jabber, jobber. 695. Chapel, jubilee. Shapely, sociable. 
696. Hotch-potch. Sheepish. 697. Chopping, sheep-hook, 
sheep-walk, shipping. 699. Ship-boy. 700. Access, axis, 
excess, excise, gas-house, success. 701. Cast, caste, cast- 
away, coast, cost, exit, gazette, ghost, guest, gusset, gust, gusto, 
hogshead, hogsty, oxide, quest, sagacity. Aghast, august. 
702. Cousin, gazon. Waxen. 703. Axiom, chasm, whiggism. 
704. Accuser, gazer, guesser, kisser. 705. Axil, axle, exile. 
706. Hogswash. 707. Casing, cask, cassock, guessing, kissing. 
708. Cassavi, exuviae. Cohesive. 709. Gasp, gossip. 710. 
Cadiz, cates, cats-eye, goddess, goods. 711. Cadet. 712. 
Cotton, kidney, kitten. 713. Academy, hecatomb, sowing- 
time. 714. Actor, actuary, catarrh, cautery, cutter, equator, 
gaiter, gandery, gather, getter, guider, guitar, gutter, quoter, 
sectary. 715. Cattle, good-will, kettle, scuttle, skittle, wagtail. 
Goodly. 716. Cottage, guidage. Goatish, skittish. 717. 
Acting, coating, cutting, getting. Aquatic, chaotic, goading, 
Gothic, hectic. 718. Caitiff, cut-off, octave. Active. 719. 
Good-by. 720. Coyness, gayness, hooknose, quince, quinsy, 



04 

sequence, sickness, weakness. Agneous. 721. Account, 
aconite, candy, cant, canto, count, county, signet, squint. 
Gained, gaunt, gowned, kind, quaint, scant, scanty, skinned. 
7'J'J. Cannon, guinea-hen. Canine. 723. Economy. 724. 
Canary, coiner, gainer, gunner, gunnery, skinner, waggoner. 
7 % JT>. Canal, kennel, signal. Signal. 726. Coinage. 727. 
Awakening, cunning. 728. Convoy. 729. Canopy. 730. 
Gummous. 731. Comedy, comet, comity, committee, gamut. 
732. Acumen, caiman, common, commune, gammon, hangman. 
734 Camera, comer, schemer, scummer, skimmer, sycamore. 
735. Camel. Comely. 736. Squeamish. 737. Cammock, 
coming, gaming. Comic, scheming. 739. Camp, gimp. 740. 
Accuracy, caress, caries, carouse, chorus, co-heiress, course, 
craze, crease, cress, cross, crossway, cruise, cuirass, curacy, 
curse, egress, goers, grass, grease, grouse, kersey, secrecy. 
Carious, coarse, cross, curious, gross, scarce. 741. Accord, 
carat, card, carrot, cart, chord, cohort, cord, court, coward, 
cowherd, crate, creed, crowd, cruet, curate, curd, escort, garret, 
girth, gourd, grate, greed, grit, groat, grotto, growth, guard, 
hogherd, quart, quarto, secret, security, skirt. Accurate, acrid, 
awkward, crude, curt, great, haggard, sacred, scared, seagirt. 
742. Acorn, cairn, carrion, crane, crayon, corn, crone, crony, 
crown, grain, grin, groan, hanger-on, scorn, screen. 743. 
Cream, crime, crumb, grime, groom, quorum, scream. Grim, 
grum. 744. Career, carrier, courier, crier, curer, currier, 
grower, scourer, securer, swaggerer. 745. Carle, carol, coral, 
crawl, curl, girl, growl, gruel, kreel, quarrel, scrawl, scroll, 
squirrel. Choral, cruel. 746. Carriage, courage, crash, crush, 
gorge, grudge, scourge, scratch, screech. Currish, gairish, 
grayish. 747. Cargo, cork, crack, crag, creek, croak, crook, 
crying, gearing, Greek, growing, kirk, quirk, scouring, swag- 
gering. Scraggy. 748- Carafe, curfew, curve, grave, gravy, 
grief, groove, grove, scarf, scurvy. Grave, gruff. 749. Car- 
boy, carp, crab, crape, crib, crop, croup, curb, garb, grape, grip, 
gripe, group, hockherb, scrap, scrape, scribe, scrip, scrub. 
750. Calice, class, clause, close, coals, gallows, gills, glass, 
gloss, school-house. Callous, close. 751. Calotte, clod, clot, 
cloth, cloud, clout, cold, colt, eaglet, equality, galiot, gilt, glade, 
glut, guild, guilt, gullet, kilt, quality, quilt, scald, schoolday, 
scold, skillet, skylight. Eagle-eyed, glad, occult, scaled, skilled, 
squalid. 752. Clan, clown, colon, colony, cyclone, galleon, 
gallon, galloon, glean, glen, scullion. Aquiline, clean. 753. 
Acclaim, claim, clam, clime, column, gleam, gloom. Clammy, 
glu in. 754. Caller, choler, collar, collier, colliery, color, 
cooler, culler, gallery, glare, glory, gluer, haggler, higgler, killer, 
ogler, queller, scholar, sculler, scullery, squaller, squalor. 



65 

Clear, ocular, secular. 756. Calash, clash, college, eclogue, 
galoche. Clayish, glueish. 757. Calico, calling, clang, click, 
clique, cloak, clock, clog, colic, colleague, colloquy, cooling, glow- 
ing, scaling, suckling. Gaelic, gallic. 758. Caliph, cleff, cliff, 
clove, glove. 759. Clip, club, collop, gallop, glebe, globe, gulp, 
scallop, scalp, schoolboy. Glib. 760. Coach-house, Cautious, 
gaseous, sagacious. 761. Cow-shed. 762. Action, auction, cau- 
tion, cohesion, cushion, equation, gudgeon, section, suction. 764. 
Cashier. 765. Egg-shell. Casual. 767. Gushing. 770. 
Caucus. 771. Cockade, cockatoo, coquette. 772. Cockney, 
cocoon. 773. Gingham. 774. Anchor, calker, cookery, hun- 
ger, kicker, quackery, quaker, squeaker. 775. Angle, ankle, 
cackle, cockle, giggle, goggle, ingle. Coequal, single. 777. 
Cooking, quaking, squeaking. 779. Kick-up. 780. Coffee- 
house. 781. Caveat, cavity, gift. 782. Coffin. 784. Coffer, 
coiffure, cough er, cover, gaffer, giver, quaffer, quaver, quiver, 
scoffer. 785. Cavil, scuffle. Wakeful. 787. Giving, scoffing. 
788. Qui-vive. 790. Coppice, copse, equipoise. Copious. 
791. Capot, cubit, Cupid. Capped. 792. Cabin, capon, 
cupon, gabion. 794. Caper, cooper, copier, copper, cupper, 
gaper, keeper, occupier, scupper, skipper. 795. Cabal, cable, 
cobble, couple, cupola, gabble, gable, quibble, squabble. Equable. 
796. Cabbage, equipage. 797. Coping, gaping. 799. Cob- 
web. 800. Phasis. 801. Fast, faucet, feast, fist, offset, 
sophist, vest, visit, vista. Fast, fusty, vast. 802. Fascine. 
803. Phasm, sophism. 804. Officer, viceroy, visor. 805. 
Fossil, vassal, vessel. Facile, fissile. 806. Visage. 807. 
Facing, physic. 808. Effusive, evasive. 810. Fatuous, fea- 
tuous. 811. Avidity, fatuity, fit-out, viduity. Fated, feted, 
half-dead. 812. Phaeton. 813. Fathom. 814. Avoider, 
father, feature, feeder, fetter, fighter, fitter, fodder, future, sif- 
ter, votary, voter, wafter. 815. Fiddle, fuddle. Fatal, feudal, 
futile, vital. 816. Fetish, waftage. 817. Fading, fatigue, 
feeding, fighting, fitting, footing, sifting. 818. Votive. 819. 
Footboy. 820. Evenness, fancy, fence, finesse, heaviness, 
offence, safeness, vainness. Veinous, vinous. 821. Affinity, 
event, feint, fiend, font, fount, fund, vanity, vaunt, vendee, vent, 
viand. Faint, feigned, finite, finned, fond, veined. 823. 
Venom. 824. Fanner, fawner, feigner, finer, finery, vineer. 
825. Funnel, vanilla. Final, heavenly, venal. 826. Finish, 
Fennish, Finnish. 827. Evening, fawning, fining. 830. Fa- 
mous, fumous. 831. Vomit. Famed, fumid. 832. Famine, 
halfmoon. 834. Ephemera. 835. Family, female. 837. 
Vomica. 839. Vamp. 840. Avarice, farce, force, frieze, 
furze, pharisee, pharos, phrase, verse. Averse, ferreous, fierce, 
frowsy, furious, ovarious, various. 841. Effort, fairday, ferity, 



66 

tenet, firewood, ford, fort, fraud, freight, fret, fright, froth, 
fruit, severity, variety, verity, virtu, virtue. Feared, frayed, 
treed, tin rowed, overt, varied. 842. Fern, frown, sovereign. 
Ferine, foreign. S43. Farm, firm, form, forum, frame. Firm. 
<s44 Farrier, firer, friar, friary, furrier, offerer, seafarer, suf- 
ferer, waverer, wayfarer. Overweary. 845. Farewell, ferrule, 
ferula, freewill, frill, furlough. Frail, several, virile. 846. 
Average, ferriage, forage, forge, overjoy, suffrage, verge. 
Fresh. 847. Fairing, firing, fork, freak, frock, frog, frying, 
offering, suffering, virago, wavering. Overweak, seafaring, way- 
faring. 849. Overpay, verb. 850. Fallacy, falls, fells, fleece, 
floss. False, viewless, villous. 851. Civility, fault, fealty, felt, 
field, fillet, fold, flat, fleet, flight, float, flood, fluid, flute, vault, vio- 
let, volt, volute. Afloat, fleet, full-eyed, valid. 852. Civilian, 
felon, felony, villain, villainy, violin. Feline, flown, highflown. 
853. Film, flame, vellum, volume. 854. Failure, feeler, fellow- 
heir, filler, flare, flayer, flier, floor, flour, flower, flurry, foiler, 
follower, foolery, fowler, fuller, highflier, valour, valuer, volery. 
855. Civil-law, flail. Filial. 856. Flash, flesh, flush, foliage, 
village. Foolish. 857. Failing, falling, feeling, felling, fel- 
lucca, filling, flag, flake, flaying, flin^, flock, flowing, following, 
fowling, valueing. Availing. 858. Effluvia, valve. 859. 
Flap. Flabby. 860. Officious, vicious, vitious. 861. Fid- 
get, offshoot. 862. Effusion, evasion, fashion, fusion, ovation, 
suffusion, vision. 864. Fisher, fishery, fissure, savagery, vizier, 
voucher. 865. Official, virgil. Visual. 867. Fishhook, 
fishing. 868. Fish-wife. 870. Efficacy, focus, fox. Vacu- 
ous. 871. Effect, fact, faggot, vacuity. Fanged. 872. Half- 
guinea. 873. Vacuum. 874. Figure, vagary, vicar, vigour. 
875. Fickle, focal, vocal. 881. Vivid. 884. Favour, feoffer, 
fever. 891. Vapid. 892. Half-penny. 894. Fibber, fibre, 
foppery, vapour, viper. 895. Fable, foible. Affable, avowable, 
effable. 896. Foppish. 900. Abscess, spices. 901. Beast, 
behest, boast, bust, episode, obesity, opacity, paucity, paste, 
pasty, pest, post, subsidy. Best, opposite, past. 903. Basin, 
bassoon, bison, poison. 903. Besom, bosom, spasm. 904. 
Abuser, appeaser, opposer, pacer, passer, pauser, piecer, poser, 
r, spicery, supposer. 905. Apostle, epistle, espousal, 
pu/zle. 906. Passage. 907. Appeasing, buzzing, passing. 
90S. Abusive, passive. 909. Busby. 910. Abatis, beads, 
bodice, pathos, poetess. Beauteous, obtuse, piteous. 911. 
Appetite, epithet, potato. Booted, spotted. 912. Baton, bat- 
ten, botany, button, paten, subdean. 913. Bottom, epitome. 
914. Abettor, abider, bather, batter, battery, bay-tree, beater, 
bidder, biter, bother, butter, buttery, obituary, padder, patter, 
pewter, poetry, potter, pottery, putter, powder, sceptre, spider, 



67 

sputter, subduer. Better, bitter. 915. Battle, beadle, beetle, 
bottle, hospital, paddle, petal, puddle. Bodily, habitual, pedal. 
916. Pottage, potash. Pettish. 917. Abiding, bating, beat- 
ing, bedding, beheading, betting, bidding, biting, budding, 
buttock, optic, paddock, pothook, pouting, pudding. Poetic. 
918. Epitaph. 920. Bones, bounce, happiness, openness, 
panacea, pansy, pence, pinnace, sapience, suspense. Penny- 
wise, spinous. 921. Band, bayonet, bay-window, bend, bent, 
bond, bonnet, bound, bounty, husband, paint, pant, point, 
pond, pound. Bandy, bent, buoyant, pent, sapient. 922. 
Bunion, opinion, pennon, pinion. Benign. 923. By-name. 
924. Banner, opener, pannier, penner, penury, piner, pinner, 
pioneer, spinner. 925. Hobnail, panel, pinhole, spaniel. 
Biennial, penal, pineal, spinal. 926. Bench, bunch, paunch, 
pinch, punch, spinage, sponge. Spanish. 927. Bannock, 
opening, panic,- pining, spawning, spinning. 930. Pumice. 
931. Pomade. 932. Bowman. 934. Palmer. 935. Pommel. 
937. Beaming. 939. Bamboo, bump, pomp, pump. 940. 
Brace, brass, boreas, breeze, browse, bruise, cypress, hobby- 
horse, peeress, piracy, praise, press, price, prize, prose, prowess, 
purse, weepers. Asperous, porous, spruce, spurious, uberous. 
941. Asperity, bard, beard, bird, birth, board, brad, braid, brat, 
bread, breath, breed, bride, brood, broth, brute, by-road, by- 
word, parade, parity, parody, parrot, part, party, period, pirate, 
port, prate, pride, prude, purity, sobriety, spirit, sport, sprat, 
sprite, sprout, spurt, support, uberty. Bright, broad, pert, 
pretty, proud, separate, sparred, spread, spurred, upright, up- 
ward. 942. Apron, barn, baron, barony, bourn, brain, bran, 
brine, burn, prawn, prune, sprain. Auburn, barren, born, 
brawny, brown, Jhighborn, prone. 943. Barm, brim, broom, 
prime, sperm. Prim, supreme. 944. Abhorrer, appealer, bar- 
rier, bearer, borer, borrower, brayer, brewer, brewery, briar, 
burier, parer, pourer, prayer, preyer, prier, prior, priory, sparer, 
spurrer, superior, uproar, whisperer. 945. Apparel, barrel, 
barley, brawl, broil, burial, parley, parole, pearl, peril, prowl. 
Boreal, burly, puerile, spiral. 946. Approach, barge, birch, 
breach, brewage, brooch, brush, parish, peerage, perch, porch, 
porridge. Bearish, boorish, poorish. 947. Bark, bearing, 
boring, borrowing, brag, brake, brick, brogue, brook, burying, 
pairing, paring, park, periwig, peruke, pork, purring, sparring, 
spark, spring. Sparing. 948. Bravo, brief, proof. Brave. 949. 
Barb, bribe, probe, prop, suburb. Superb. 950. Applause, 
blaze, bliss, bellows, palace, palsy, place, playhouse, police, 
policy, pulse, splice. Bilious, blowsy, hapless, hopeless, sap- 
less, 951. Ability, ballad, ballot, belt, blade, bleat, blight, 
blood, blot, bolt, bullet, epaulet, palate, pallet, pallette, pellet, 



68 

pelt, pilot, plaid, plait, plat, plate, play-day, plight, plot, polity, 
poult, pullet, split. Bald, blithe, bold, oblate, pallid, polite. 
952. Walloon, bowline, bullion, plain, plan, plane. High- 
Mown. 953. Blame, bloom, plum, plume. Sublime. 954. 
Bawler, blower, blur, boiler, bowler, peeler, piler, pillar, pil- 
low, player, poller, puller, speller, spoiler. Bleary, polar. 
955. Pale-ale. 956. Apology, belch, bilge, blush, pillage, 
plash, pledge, plush, polish, splash, whip-lash. Bluish, palish. 
957. Bailiwick, bawling, bewailing, block, blowing, boiling, 
bowling, bulk, bullock, epilogue, obloquy, plague, plowing, 
pluck, plug, sapling, spelling, spoiling. Appalling, black, bleak, 
oblique. 958. Bailiff, belief, pelf. Bluff. 959. Bulb, pulp. 
960. Species. Auspicious, spacious, specious. 961. Budget, 
upshot. 962. Option, passion, pigeon, potion, suspicion. 
Beechen. 963. Hypogeum. 964. Butcher, patcher, pitcher, 
poacher, pusher. 965. Bushel. Especial, special. 967. 
Pea-chick, pushing. 969. Bishop. 970. Apex, bake-house, 
box. 971. Aspect, bigot, bucket, packet, pact, pagoda, picket, 
pict, pocket, spigot, ubiquity. Picked, piqued. 972. Bacon, 
beacon, biggin, pagan. Bygone. 973. Bigamy, pigmy. 974. 
Baker, beggar, beggary, epicure, packer, pecker, picker, poker, 
speaker. 975. Boggle, buckle, bugle, bunghole, pickle. 976. 
Baggage. Bookish. 977. Baking, bank, booking, packing, 
peacock, speaking. 979. Bugaboo, back-pay. 980. Obvi- 
ous. 981. Pivot. 982. Buffoon. Epiphany, spavin. 984. 
Beaver, behaviour, buffer, pavier, puffer. 985. Baffle, bevel, 
buffalo. Hopeful. 986. Peevish. 987. Behaving, bivouac, 
paving, puffing. 990. Papacy, papoose. 991. Biped, by-path, 
puppet, spy-boat. 992. Baboon, bobbin, pippin, subpoena. 

994. Bibber, paper, pauper, peeper, pepper, piper, popery. 

995. Babble, Babel, bawble, bible, bubble, pebble, peep-hole, 
people, pupil. Papal, payable. 996. Babyish. 997. Bob- 
wig, piping. 1000. Dioceses, diseases. 

From this point, onward, eaeh set of words is not marked with its respective 
number, but, while, as before, the words are arranged in consecutive order, the 
numbers are given by fifties only. 

1001. Deceased, diseased, disused. Diocesan. Atticism, 
stoicism, witticism. Decisory. Decisive. Deciduous. De- 
suetude : decided, testate, toasted, twisted. Destiny, disdain, 
whetstone. Day-star, decider, duster, taster, tester, toaster, 
twister. Side-saddle. Distich. Deciding, tasting, testing, 
toasting, twisting : atheistic, deistic, theistic. Distaff. De- 
cency, hideousness, odiousness. Dissent : decent, designed, 
disowned. Disunion. Designer, dishonor. Decennial. De- 
signing, disowning. Dismayed. Headsman, seedsman. Deci- 



69 

mal, dismal. Dismaying. Desert, dessert. Desirer. 1051. 
Docility : dazzled, desolate, tasseled. Disloyal. Dislike : 
dazzling. Decession, decision. Discus : discous. Disquiet : 
tusked. Tuscany. Duskish. Tasking. Deceived, dis- 
avowed, satisfied. Deceiver, satisfier. Disavowal. Deceiv- 
ing, disavowing, satisfying. Despot, dispute : disobeyed. 
Despair. Disciple: adducible. Dispatch. Disobeying. 1101. 
Dead-set. Statist. Duodecimo, idiotism. Deducing. De- 
ducive. Tete-a-tete. Tide-waiter. Dietetic. Deadness, 
doughtiness, sedateness, steadiness,stoutness, tidiness, tightness, 
Titans. Student. Detainer. Detaining, diatonic, Teutonic. 
Titmouse. Head-dress, tatters, tutoress. Dotard. Stateroom. 
Stutterer, withdrawer. Editorial, withdrawal. Tutorage. 
Stuttering, tittering, twittering, withdrawing : theatric. Dew- 
drop, diatribe. Deathless, toothless. 1151. Theodolite, to- 
tality: detailed, titled. Dawdler, tattler, titulary : titular, tutelary. 
Tutelage. Detailing, tattling : death-like. Dead-shot : de- 
tached. Detaching. Dutiful, thoughtful. Tadpole, tea-table : 
tithable. Tithe-paying. 1201. Aduncity, density, dynasty. 
Denizen. Heathenism. Dancer, tonsor. Tinsel, tonsil, uten- 
sil : tensile. Dancing. Ostensive. Hottentot, identity : 
daunted, dented, stinted, stunted, tainted. Tontine. Adden- 
dum. Stentor, stander, tender, thunder, tinder : sedentary. 
Dental. Authentic, tainting, taunting. Stoniness, tenancy. 
Tenant. Tanyard. Itinerary. Stonework. Stainless. 1251. 
Tunneled. Ethnology. Tenacious. Attention, donation, 
dungeon, tension. Danger, tonsure. Astonishing, tinging, 
twinging. Township. Stone-quarry. Ethnical, satanical. 
Downfall. Deniable, tenable. 1301. Atomist, doomsday, 
utmost. Damsel, domicile. Timidity, tomtit. Automaton. 
Diameter, estimator. Automatic, idiomatic. Dimness, domi- 
noes. Adamant, demand, diamond, sediment. Autumnal. 
Demoniac. Steam-horse : timorous. Demerit, temerity : 
admired. Time-worn. Admirer, stammerer. Admiral. Stam- 
mering. Stimulus, tumulus : stemless. 1351. Tumult. 
Tumular. Etymology. Damages. Damaged. Admission, 
demijohn, demission, estimation. Damaging. Steamship. 
Demigod. Demagogue : stomachic. Dumps, time-piece. 
Stampede, steamboat : stamped. Tympan. Damper, stamper, 
temper, timber. Dimple, temple, thimble, tumble : estimable, 
tamable. Dampish. Damping, dumping, tamping, thumping. 
1401. Satirist, theorist, thrust, tourist, trust, trustee, tryst : 
dressed, thirsty, trussed, trusty. Treason. Toryism, truism : 
tiresome. Tracer, tracery. Drizzle : dorsal. Asterisk. De- 
risive. Straits, tortoise, treatise : tortuous. Dreaded, iterated, 
saturated, thwarted, water-tight. Eider-down, tartan : trodden. 



70 

Stratum. Derider, out-rider, tartar, territory, trader, traitor, 

t reader, trotter. Throttle, turtle. Strategy : tartish. Darting, 
deriding, eider-duck, trading, treating. Stereotype. Adhe- 
rence, dearness, durance, trance. Adherent, eternity, hydrant, 
strand, tornado, truant, tyrant : adorned, drained, drowned, 
strained, trained. Trunnion : Saturnine. Astronomy. Darn- 
er, strainer, trainer, turner. Darnel, saturnalia, train-oil : 
diurnal, eternal. Drainage, trench : strange. Adorning, darn- 
ing, draining, training, turning : histrionic. Turnip. Dor- 
mouse, terms. Dairy-maid, door-mat: trimmed. Drayman, 
waterman. Dreamer, streamer, tremor, trimmer. Turmoil : 
thermal. Dreaming, strumming, trimming : streaming. Tri- 
umph. Tramp, trump. Water-rat : hitherward. Tyrolese : 
dowerless, starless, tearless. 1451. Starlight, sterility : thrilled. 
Waterline. Stroller, trawler. Water-lily. Astrology. Darling, 
drawling, strolling : hydraulic, sterling, thrilling. True-love. 
Atrocious, outrageous. Tragedy: dry-shod, outraged, starched, 
thrashed. Adoration, derision, duration, hydrogen, sturgeon. 
Starcher, thresher, treasure, treasury : tertiary. Tarshish. 
Starching, thrashing, threshing: tragic. Authorship. Dregs, 
staircase, thorax, turquoise. Target, tract : direct, drugged, 
streaked, strict, tricked. Dragon, dragoon : stricken. Striker, 
trickery, trigger. Treacle. Historical, satirical. Darkish, 
Turkish. Drink, trunk, weather-cock. Draught, drift, thrift : 
starved. Driver, striver. Drivel, travel, trefoil, trifle, water- 
fall, waterfowl : direful, tearful, trivial. Star-fish : dwarfish. 
Starving, striving, thriving. Hydrophobia. Dropsy, troops. 
Torpedo, tribute, tripod, turbot : striped, stripped, torpid, tur- 
bid. Terrapin, tribune, turban. Draper, drapery, strawberry, 
torpor, trooper. Strawbail, trouble : adorable, durable, terrible, 
treble, triple. Drawback, tropic : dripping, drooping. 1501. 
Duelist: dulcet, dullest, tallest. Idealism: toilsome. Idolizer : 
delusory. Delusive. Stolidity : deluded, dilated, diluted. 
Deluder, idolater, idolatry : dilatory. Tilting: athletic, delud- 
ing. Dullness, idleness, stillness, tallness. Headland, talent. 
Talmud. Dolman. Tailoress : delirious, dolorous. Steel- 
yard. Delirium. Tailoring, wood-lark. 1551. Delicious. 
Deluged. Adulation, delusion, dilution, theologian. Oste- 
ologer. Delicacy, italics. Delegate, delicate, dialect, toll-gate, 
Stall-fed. Dolphin : diluvian. Diluvium. Delivery, delver. Di 
lu vial, doleful. Delving. Tolbooth. Steel-pen. Toll-bar. 1601 
Digest, tea-chest. Digits. Dishwater. Digital. Sottishness. Sta 
tioner, stationery : stationary. Dutchman. Stage-road. 1651 
Stage-line. Dish-washer. Stage-coach. Dishabille : teachable 
1701. Outcast, text : thickest, thickset. Tocsin. Taxer. Taxing. 
Educated, stockaded, thick-headed. Doctor, educator. Tea-ket- 



71 

tie. Decoy-duck: educating. Seductive, talkative. Stickiness, 
thickness. Thickened. Thickening: technic. Decrease, staggers, 
theocracy, tigress : decorous. Autocrat, dockyard. Seed- 
corn, sweet-corn. Decorum, diagram. Hod-carrier, outcrier. 
Doggerel. Tigerish. Autography. 1751. Tickled. Decline. 
Stickler, tickler. Ticklish. Decalogue, tickling. Hoodwinked. 
Decagon. Thinker. Tinkle. Thinking. Dog-fight. Dogfish. 
1801. Deficit : defaced. Adviser, defacer, deviser, diffuser, 
divisor : advisory. Advising, defacing, devising, diffusing. 
Defeated, devoted, divided, tufted. Stevedore, divider. Dove- 
tail. Dividing. Advance, dauphiness, deafness, defiance, 
stiffness. Advent, divinity : defined, definite. Definer, divi- 
ner. Defining. Defamed. Defamer. Defaming. Divorce : 
adverse, diverse. Tavern. Devourer. Deferring, defraying, 
devouring. Adverb. 1851. Stifled. Defiler. Devilish. 
Defiling : dovelike. Deviation, devotion, diffusion, division. 
Advocacy. Advocate, defect, dove-cot. 1901. Deposit, out- 
post : debased, deepest, deposed. Diapason, stepson. De- 
baser, deposer. Debasing, deposing. Stupidity, tepidity : 
adapted, adopted, debated, deputed. Adopter, debater. 
Adapting, adopting, debating, debiting. Deepness, steepness. 
Hat-band, stipend : deepened, hidebound. Deepening. Tube- 
rose : tuberous. Stubborn. Sweet-briar. Day-break, out- 
pouring : tapering. 1951. Debility, doublet, stability, tablet: 
dappled, doubled. Doubloon. Diploma. Tippler : tabular, 
tubular. Deploying, tippling. Stable-boy. Debauched. 
Adaption, adoption. Debauchery. Woodpecker. Topical, 
typical. Stop-cock. Stupefier. Stupefying. 2001. Anise- 
seed : incised. 

ONE HUNDRED IMPORTANT INVENTIONS, DISCOV- 
ERIES, ETC. 

1. Air-guns invented 1646 

2. Air-pump invented by Otto von Guericke 1654 

3. Algebra introduced into Europe by the Saracens 14 12 

4. Almanacs first printed at Buda 147° 

5. Animal electricity discovered by Galvani I79 1 

6. Argand lamp invented 1 7^ 2 

7. Art of printing invented by Faust and Guttenburg I44 1 

8. Astronomical observatory built in Europe at Cassel I5 01 

9. Auction sales started in England by Elisha Yale 17°° 

10. Banks established in Europe, at Venice 1 J 57 

1 1 . Barometer invented by Torricelli 1^43 

12. Bayonets first made at Bayonne, France 1670 

13. Bombs invented M95 

14. Camera obscura constructed by Roger Bacon 1297 

15. Canals first made in Britain l *34 

16. Cannons first made by the French 1 34° 

17. Caoutchouc or India rubber first brought to Europe 173° 



72 

i 8, Cartes de visitcs first taken at Nice 1857 

10. Casts in plaster first made at Florence 1470 

20. Chain Bridges first constructed 1741 

81, Chain shot invented by Admiral De Witt 1066 

1 2. Chemistry introduced into Europe by the Moors 1150 

13, Chimneys first used in Europe 1200 

24, China porcelain introduced into England 1531 

25, Chocolate introduced into Europe from Mexico 1520 

26, Chronometer invented by Harrison. 1764 

27, Circular saws first made 1816 

28, Circulation of the blood discovered by Harvey 1619 

20. Coal first dug in England near Newcastle 1234 

3 >, { oats of arms and armorial bearings first used 1200 

}i . Coffee introduced into Holland from Arabia 1616 

32. Colleges first established in Europe, at Paris 121 5 

33. Copper mines first discovered in Sweden , . . 1396 

34. Cork first brought to England 1690 

35. Cotton gin invented by Whitney 1793 

36. Crayons first used in France 1422 

37. Curfew bell established by William the Conqueror 1068 

3S. Decimal arithmetic invented. 1482 

39. Diamond mines of Golconda discovered. 1534 

40. Electric light discovered by Davy 1813 

41. Electric machine constructed by Otto von Guericke 1647 

42. Electrotype process first employed 1850 

43. Engraving on wood begun in Europe 1400 

44. Galileo constructed his first telescope « 1610 

45. Gas first used to light streets in the U. S. — at Baltimore 182 1 

46. Gold first coined in England ,. 1257 

47. Gunpowder first made by Schwartz 1320 

48. Handkerchiefs first made, at Paisley 1743 

49. Hydraulic press patented by Bramah 1790 

50. Identity of lightning and electricity discovered 1752 

51. Jacquard loom for figured fabrics invented 1801 

52. Kaleidoscope invented by Brewster 1814 

53. Lace made in France and Flanders 1320 

54. Lacteal glands discovered by Asellius 1622 

55. Law pleading in England changed into English . 1362 

56. Life boat first launched 1790 

57. Leaden pipes first used for conveying water 1236 

58. Lithography invented by Senefelder 1798 

59. Logarithms invented by Napier 1614 

60. London streets first lighted with oil lamps 168 r 

61. Longitude determined by Sir John Harrison 1764 

02. Lotteries originated at Florence 1530 

63. Lucifer matches came into use 1834 

64. Maps and Charts first brought to England 1489 

65. Mariner's compass first known in Europe 1260 

66. Mercator's chart invented 1556 

67. Mesmerism propounded by Mtsmer 1766 

68. Microscope invented by Jansen 1590 

09. Minie rifle invented 1833 

~<>. Mirrors of glass first made in England 1673 

71. Musical notes, as now u^ed, invented 133° 

72. Nautical Almanac first published 1707 

73. Newspapers first published in Europe, at Venice 1536 

74. New Style created by Pope Gregory XIII 1582 



73 

75. Orrery, or Planetarium, invented by De Rheita , 1650 

76. Oxygen gas discovered by Priestley 1774 

77. Padlocks invented at Nuremberg T 540 

78. Panorama, first exhibited by Barker 1788 

79. Pendulum Clocks invented |fon 

80. Phosphorus discovered by Brandt 1660 

81. Pins first made in England 1543 

82. Platinum first known in Europe 1741 

83. Playing cards invented 1390 

84. Post-houses first established in Europe, in France 1470 

85. Pumps in general use in England 1425 

86. Quicksilver first used in refining silver 1 540 

87. Rhubarb first cultivated 1 820 

88. Safety Lamp invented by Davy. , 181 5 

89. Sandblast invented by Tilghman 1871 

90. Savings Banks instituted in Switzerland. j 787 

91. Speaking Trumpet invented by Kircher 1652 

92. Spectacles invented by Roger Bacon 1280 

93. Spinning-jenny invented by Hargreaves 1767 

94. Steam first used to propel boats by Fulton 1807 

95. Tea brought to Europe by the Dutch 1610 

96. Theory of the Rainbow developed by Kepler 1611 

97. Thermometer invented by Sanctorio 1610 

98. Tobacco introduced into Europe by Nicot 1560 

99. Voltaic Battery constructed by Galvani 1800 

100. Wire-drawing invented at Nuremberg 14 10 

Words for above Dates. 

1. Wettish arch. 2. Wettish celery. 3. Tartan. 4. Darkies. 5. Thick 
boot. 6. Thick oven. 7. Water-rat. 8. Tali chateau. 9. Taxes. 10. 
Tattling. 11. Wettish worm. 12. Woodchucks. 13. Terrible. 14. Tiny 
pig. 15. Tidy mare. 16. Timorous. 17. Dogmas. 18. Dovelike. 19. 
Turkeys. 20. Dockyard. 21. Wettish judge. 22. Details. 23. Wit- 
nesses. 24. Tall middy. 25. Italians. 26. Thick jar. 27. Tough white- 
ash. 28. Wettish tube. 29. Tiny hammer. 30. Dunces. 31. Wetish 
dish. 32. Dwindle. 33. Dampish. 34. Toy-shops. 35. Thick beam. 
36. Trunnion. 37. Odious chief. 38. Driven. 39. Tall moor. 40. Tou^h 
time. 41. Wettish rag.. 42. Devils. 43. Terraces. 44. Digits. 45. 
Definite. 46. Tiny lake. 47. Demons. 48. Decorum. 49. Thick peach. 
50. Decline. 51. Devised. 52. Divider. 53. Dominoes, 54. Wettish 
onion. 55. Admission. 56. Thick bows. 57. Tiny midge. 58. Thick 
beef. 59. Dishwater. 60. Wettish feet. 61. Thick jar. 62. Dilemmas. 
63. Defamer. 64. Hydrophobia. 65. Tenacious. 66. Tall ledge. 67. 
Thick judge. 68. Tulips. 69. Tough mummy. 70. Wettish cameo. 71. 
Dumb muse. 72. Thick jockey. 73. Dalmatia. 74. Dolphin. 75. Wet- 
tish eels. 76. Thick auger. 77. Dollars. 78. Thick fife. 79. Wettish 
rope. 80. Wettish ship. 81. Delirium. 82. Autocrat. 83. Dumps. 84. 
Drugs. 85. Train-oil. 86. Dollars. 87. Deafness. S8. Devoutly. 89. 
Tough goat. 90. Thick fog. 91. Wettish lawn. 92. Tiny fc 
Thick check. 94. Devising. 95. Digits. 96. Wettish deed. 97. Digits. 
98. Delicious. 99. Devices. 100. Threads. 



Century-Adjectives used Above. 

10. Odious. 12. Tiny. 15. Tall. 17. Thick 

11. Tidy. 13. Dumb. 16. Wettish. iS. Tough. 



74 

ONE HUNDRED EVENTS IN THE PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA. 

i, Cain murders his brother Abel 3876 

2. Pious Enoch translated to heaven 3017 

3. Noah begins the construction of the Ark 2468 

4. The U niversal Deluge 2348 

s . N oah curses his grandson Canaan 2340 

() Tower of Babel built 2247 

7 Covenant of God with Abraham 192 1 

B. Abraham parts from Lot 1920 

9. Lot rescued by Abraham from the four kings 1912 

10. Melchizedec bestows his blessing upon Abraham 1912 

11. Birth of Ishmael . .... 1910 

12. Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah 1897 

13. Abraham, instigated by Sarah, expels Hagar , 1891 

14 Isaac about to be sacrificed by his father 1871 

15. Binh of the twins Jacob and Esau 1836 

16. Esau sells his birthright for a mess of potage 1816 

17. Jacob deceitfully obtains the blessing of Isaac 1779 

18 Jacob flies to escape the wrath of Esau 1759 

19. Reconciliation of Jacob and Esau 1739 

20. Joseph sold by his brethren 1728 

21. Joseph libeled by Potiphar's wife 1718 

22. Joseph made prime minister of Egypt , 1 71 5 

23. Joseph's brethren go to Egypt to buy corn. ... , 1707 

24. Slaughter of the new-born male children of Israel 1572 

25. Moses born and miraculously preserved 1571 

26. Moses flies from Egypt 1531 

27. The Israelites cross the Red Sea 1491 

28. Institution of the Passover 1491 

29. Promulgation of the Law at Sinai 1491 

30. The Tabernacle set up ; and the people numbered 1490 

3 r . Nadab and Abihu struck with sudden death 1490 

32. The blasphemer stoned by order of Moses 1489 

33. Moses draws water from the rock 1452 

34. Moses erects the brazen serpent 1452 

35. Balaam's ass speaks and reproves his master 145 1 

36. Moses views Canaan, and dies on Mt. Nebo J451 

37. The Israelites cross the Jordan under Joshua 145 1 

38. Fall of Jericho under the trumpets of Joshua 1450 

39. Achan and his family stoned to death 145° 

40. Joshua stops the sun and moon on Mt. Gibeon 1450 

41 . Israelites under Joshua finally conquer Canaan 1445 

42. The Tabernacle set up at Shiloh. . 1444 

43. The death of Joshua 1443 

44. Extermination of the Benjamites 1416 

45. First Jubilee celebrated in Israel 1396 

46. Ruth follows Naomi to Bethlehem 1312 

47 Boaz marries Ruth 1312 

48. Deborah and Barak defeat the Canaanites 1285 

49. Gideon assured by the miracle of the fleece 1245 

50. Abimelech killed by an old woman with a tile 1233 

5 1 . Jephthah sacrifices his daughter 1 1 87 

52. Samuel offered to the Lord, by his mother 1 168 

53. Birth of Samson 1155 

54. Samson's stratagem of 300 foxes and firebrands 113° 

55. Samson carries off the gates of Gaza 1124 



75 

56. Samson buries himself under the ruins 11 17 

57. The ark of God taken away by the Philistines 11 16 

58. The Philistines repent and surrender the Ark 1115 

59. Establishment of monarchy in Israel 1095 

60. Jonathan and armor-bearer defeat Philistines 1087 

61. Samuel hewed Agag into pieces at Gilgal 1074 

62. David slays the giant Goliath 1067 

63. David feigns madness to escape from King Achish 1061 

64. Saul commits suicide on Mt. Gilboa 1055 

65. David dances before the Ark 1045 

66. Ambassadors of David insulted by Hanun 1037 

67. Absalom killed by Joab 1023 

68. Great pestilence sent at the option of David. ...... 1017 

69. Solomon's judgment as to the child 1013 

70. The Queen of Sheba visits Solomon 1002 

71. Death of Solomon , 975 

72. Division of Israel and Judah, under Jeroboam 975 

73. Elijah fed by ravens in the wilderness 910 

74. Elijah slew the prophets of Baal 906 

75. Naaman's leprosy cured by Elisha 894 

76. Jezebel devoured by dogs 884 

77. Jehu destroys the temple and priests of Baal 884 

78. Jonah swallowed by a sea monster 807 

79. Hezekiah destroys the brazen serpent of Moses 726 

80. The kingdom of Israel destroyed by Salmanasar 721 

81. Holophernes beheaded by Judith 656 

82. Josiah the pious begins to reign 641 

83. A copy of the Law found by Hilkiah 624 

84. Nebuchadnezzar takes Jerusalem 606 

85. Susanna assaulted by the two elders 601 

86. Nebuchadnezzar's golden image set up 580 

87. The three Hebrews cast into the fiery furnace 580 

88. Nebuchadnezzar loses his reason 5°9 

89. Nebuchadnezzar recovers his reason 5 02 

90. Daniel cast into the lion's den 537 

91. Darius repudiates Vashti and marries Esther 5*8 

92. Haman hanged^on a gallows, fifty cubits high 5 IQ 

93. Malachi, the last of the prophets, flourishes 4 2 ° 

94. Alexander the Great sacrifices in the Temple 33 2 

95. Menelaus, by bribery, obtains the high-priesthood 17 2 

96. Samaritan temple on Mt. Gerizim consecrated to Jupiter 170 

97. The seven brothers tortured to death by Antiochus 167 

98. Antiochus dies, smitten by the hand of God 164 

99. Menelaus, the high-priest, put to death 162 

100. Herod the Great appointed governor of Galilee 47 

Words for Foregoing Dates. 

I. Moving age. 2. Misty sky. 3. Un weary chaff. 4. No morphia. 5. 

No mercy. 6. Unhewn rock. 7. Weighty bond. 8. Sad happiness. 9. 
Weighty baton. 10. Deep tone. II. Sad pathos. 12. Defy sweeping. 

13. Deaf to pity. 14. Wood faggot. 15. Stiff mush. 16. Tough dish. 

17. Decoying boy. 18. Hot gallop. 19. Soothing mob. 20. Taken off. 

21. Talkative. 22. Due acquittal. 23. Taxing. 24. Sad welkin. 
Delicate. 26. Wide limit. 27. Dry path. 28. Tribute. 29. Attribute. 

30. Tribes. 31. Stripes. 32. Hydrophobia. 33. Waterline. 34. Truly 



76 

new. 35. Droll idea. 36. Sweet reality. 37. Drilled. 38. Trowels. 39. 
Trials. 40. Trials. 41. Thorough rule. 42. Outer error. 43. Other 
army. 44. Tartish. 45. Time badge. 46. Sweet maiden. 47. Automa- 
ton. 4S. Downfall. 49. Downy roll. 50. Sudden simoom. 51. Added 
fog, 52. Duty sheaf. 53. Stout slowly. 54. Widedamage. 55. Detainer. 
56, Doughty doing. 57. Hotheaded joy. 58. Too deadly. 59. Despoil. 
00. Deceiving. 6l. Eight-score. 62. Dizzy shock. 63. Odious cheat. 
04. Disloyal. 65. Odious reel. 66. Dismaying. 67. Odious name. 68. 
Deciding. 69. Odious dame. 70. Diocesan. 71. Pickle. 72. Buckle. 
73. Pets. 74. Passage. 75. Fiber. 76. Favor. 77. Fever. 78. Physic. 
79. Coinage. 80. Weakened. 8r. Geology. 82. Charity. 83. Joiner. 
84. Jews' joy. 85. Chaste. 86. Slaves. 87. Lives. 88. Woolly sheep. 
89. Elation. 90. Lame walk. 91 Old wife. 92. Ladies. 93. Ruins. 
94. Mammon. 95. Deacon. 96. Doings. 97. Teaching. 98. Teacher. 
99. Addition. 100. Rogue. 



INSTRUCTIONS 



IN THE 



Use and Development 



OF THE 



MEMORY 



BY 



PROF. YULE. 



FOURTH EDITION. 



NEW YORK : 

WILLIAM KNOWLES, PUBLISHER, 

104 East 13TH Street. 






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